Great authors
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Vocabulário
- слогstyle / prose style (literary)
- повествованиеnarration / narrative
- психологизмpsychological depth
- реализмrealism
- романтизмromanticism
- натурализмnaturalism
- символизмsymbolism
- модернизмmodernism
- авангардavant-garde
- прозаprose
- лирикаlyric poetry
- эпосepic / narrative poetry
Russia's Great Authors
Russian literature has produced some of the world's most celebrated writers. At C2, you can compare their styles and use them as models.
Александр Пушкин (1799–1837)
Often called «солнце русской поэзии» (the sun of Russian poetry). His style is marked by:
- Crystal clarity and economy of expression
- Perfect harmony of form and content
- Blend of classical and Romantic traditions
- Key works: Евгений Онегин, Капитанская дочка, Медный всадник
Лев Толстой (1828–1910)
Master of the psychological novel. His style features:
- Long, complex sentences with multiple subordinate clauses
- Deep interior monologue (stream of consciousness avant la lettre)
- Moral and philosophical digressions
- Key works: Война и мир, Анна Каренина, Воскресение
Антон Чехов (1860–1904)
Revolutionised the short story and drama. His hallmarks:
- The «подводное течение» (undercurrent) — meaning conveyed through what is NOT said
- Minimalism: every word earns its place
- Irony, melancholy, and compassion combined
- Key works: Вишнёвый сад, Три сестры, Дама с собачкой
Фёдор Достоевский (1821–1881)
Philosopher-novelist of the human soul:
- Polyphonic novel (multiple equal voices — Bakhtin's theory)
- Existential and spiritual crises as plot engines
- Feverish, urgent prose rhythm
- Key works: Преступление и наказание, Братья Карамазовы, Идиот
Expressões
- Пушкин — солнце русской поэзииPushkin is the sun of Russian poetry
- Подводное течение у ЧеховаChekhov's undercurrent — what goes unsaid
- Полифонический роман ДостоевскогоDostoevsky's polyphonic novel (Bakhtin's term)
- Толстой прибегает к психологизмуTolstoy employs psychological depth
- В духе классического реализмаIn the spirit of classical realism
- Стиль отличается лаконизмомThe style is distinguished by conciseness
- Слог Пушкина кристально чистPushkin's prose style is crystal clear
Erros frequentes
Толстой писал о психологии людейТолстой исследовал психологию человекаисследовать (to explore/investigate) is more precise for analytical contexts than писать о
Чехов использовал подводное течениеЧехов мастерски владел приёмом подводного теченияподводное течение is more naturally expressed as a technique (приём) that Chekhov mastered
Пушкин является основатель литературыПушкин является основателем литературыAfter являться, the complement takes the instrumental case: основателем
Роман Достоевского полифоничен и имеет много голосовРоман Достоевского полифониченполифоничен already means many-voiced; adding имеет много голосов is redundant
В духе реализма классикиВ духе классического реализмаThe adjective классического modifies реализма; классики as a noun changes the meaning
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