Climate change
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Vocabulário
- 気候変動climate change
- 温暖化global warming
- 排出量emissions
- 再生可能renewable
- 持続可能なsustainable
- 環境汚染pollution
- 温室効果greenhouse effect
- 削減するto reduce / cut
- 対策countermeasure
- 影響を及ぼすto have an impact
- 生態系ecosystem
- 異常気象extreme weather
Discussing Climate Change in Japanese
This lesson focuses on nominalization patterns essential for academic discussion of environmental topics.
Nominalization: ということ
- ということ — turns a clause into a noun phrase: 温暖化が進んでいるということは、多くの研究で示されている。 (The fact that warming is progressing has been shown in many studies.)
Defining: というのは
- というのは — "what we mean by X is": 持続可能な開発というのは、将来の世代のことも考えた開発のことだ。 (What we mean by sustainable development is development that considers future generations.)
Formal Connectors
- つまり — "in other words / that is to say": CO2排出量が増加している。つまり、対策が不十分だということだ。 (CO2 emissions are increasing. In other words, measures are insufficient.)
- すなわち — "namely" (more formal than つまり): この目標、すなわち2050年までのカーボンニュートラルは達成可能だ。 (This goal, namely carbon neutrality by 2050, is achievable.)
These patterns enable you to frame complex environmental arguments clearly.
Expressões
- ということはTo introduce a logical consequence
- というのは~ことだTo define a concept
- つまりTo rephrase or summarize
- すなわちTo specify formally (namely)
- 影響を及ぼしているTo say something is having an impact
- 対策を講じるTo say measures should be taken
Erros frequentes
温暖化が進んでいることは示されている。温暖化が進んでいるということは示されている。When nominalizing a full clause for emphasis, use ということ, not just こと.
持続可能な開発とは将来の世代のことだ。持続可能な開発というのは将来の世代のことも考えた開発のことだ。というのは is the full pattern for defining terms, not とは alone.
つまりは対策が不十分だ。つまり、対策が不十分だということだ。つまり does not take は. Also wrap with ということだ for formal conclusion.
環境を影響を及ぼす。環境に影響を及ぼす。影響を及ぼす takes に for the target of impact, not を.
対策を講ずる。対策を講じる。The modern form is 講じる, not the classical 講ずる.
Quiz rápido
Pergunta 1 de 5
Como se diz «to have an impact» em japonês?
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