Citing Sources
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Vocabulário
- de bronthe source
- citerento cite / quote
- verwijzen naarto refer to
- het citaatthe quotation
- aanhalento quote / cite
- de voetnootthe footnote
- de bronvermeldingthe citation / reference
- het naslagwerkthe reference work
- onderbouwento substantiate / support
- de wetenschapperthe scientist / scholar
Properly citing sources in Dutch academic writing follows specific conventions that differ from casual references. At C1 level, you need to master both in-text citations and formal attribution.
Direct citation: Use quotation marks and attribute clearly: Zoals De Vries (2023) stelt: "De resultaten zijn veelbelovend." For longer quotes, use block formatting without quotation marks.
Indirect citation: Paraphrase and attribute: Volgens De Vries (2023) zijn de resultaten veelbelovend. or De Vries (2023) betoogt dat de resultaten veelbelovend zijn.
Common citation verbs in Dutch:
- stellen (to state), betogen (to argue), beweren (to claim)
- aantonen (to demonstrate), concluderen (to conclude)
- benadrukken (to emphasize), suggereren (to suggest)
Signal phrases for attribution: Zoals X betoogt... (As X argues...), Volgens Y (jaar)... (According to Y...), X wijst erop dat... (X points out that...), In navolging van X... (Following X...).
Always distinguish between your own analysis and the cited author's claims using clear attribution.
Expressões
- Zoals X betoogt...As X argues...
- Volgens Y (2023) is het zo dat...According to Y (2023), it is the case that...
- X wijst erop dat...X points out that...
- In navolging van X stellen wij...Following X, we propose...
- X en Y komen tot de conclusie dat...X and Y reach the conclusion that...
- Dit sluit aan bij het werk van X.This aligns with the work of X.
Erros frequentes
Zoals De Vries zegt...Zoals De Vries (2023) betoogt...Academic citations require year and a formal verb like betoogt, not zegt.
De Vries beweert: de resultaten zijn goed.De Vries (2023) betoogt dat de resultaten goed zijn.Use indirect speech with dat-clause for academic attribution.
Volgens aan De Vries...Volgens De Vries...Volgens does not take a preposition; it directly precedes the name.
In navolging met X...In navolging van X...The correct preposition is van, not met.
Het werk van X toont aan...X toont aan dat...In citations, the researcher is typically the subject, not their work.
Quiz rápido
Pergunta 1 de 5
Como se diz «to refer to» em holandês?
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