Writing a summary
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Лексика
- resumirto summarize
- sintetizarto synthesize
- salientarto highlight
- abrangerto encompass
- a síntesethe synthesis
- o parágrafothe paragraph
- a paráfrasethe paraphrase
- a coesão textualthe textual cohesion
- o argumento centralthe central argument
- a ideia-chavethe key idea
Writing a Summary in Portuguese
The Personal Infinitive
A unique Portuguese feature, the personal infinitive allows infinitives to have subjects. This is essential in academic writing:
- Ao analisarmos os dados (When we analyze the data)
- Antes de os investigadores concluírem (Before the researchers conclude)
Impersonal Constructions
Academic summaries avoid the first person. Use impersonal structures:
- Constata-se que (It is observed that)
- Importa salientar que (It is worth highlighting that)
- Cumpre referir que (It should be mentioned that)
Textual Cohesion
A good summary maintains cohesion through reference words and connectors:
- Este/a (this — referring back), o referido (the aforementioned)
- Por sua vez (in turn), neste sentido (in this sense)
- Em suma (in short), globalmente (overall)
Summary Structure
A Portuguese academic summary should: state the main topic, present key findings, note the methodology briefly, and end with the main conclusion. Avoid personal opinions and direct quotes.
Tip: Use the personal infinitive to vary sentence structure and avoid repetitive impersonal constructions.
Выражения
- O autor defende queThe author argues that
- Em síntese, o estudo concluiIn summary, the study concludes
- Importa salientar queIt is worth highlighting that
- Ao longo do artigoThroughout the article
- No que concerne aos resultadosRegarding the results
- Face ao expostoIn light of the above
Типичные ошибки
Ao analisar os dados, nósAo analisarmos os dadosUse personal infinitive (-mos) instead of «nós» with infinitive
O resumo tem que ser curtoO resumo deve ser conciso«Tem que» is informal; use «deve» + academic vocabulary (conciso)
O estudo mostra muitas coisasO estudo evidencia diversos aspetosToo vague and informal — use precise academic vocabulary
Basicamente, o artigo diz queEm síntese, o artigo sustenta que«Basicamente» and «diz» are too colloquial for academic writing
Concluindo, acho queEm conclusão, afigura-se queAvoid personal opinion (acho) in summaries — use impersonal forms
Быстрый квиз
Вопрос 1 из 5
Как сказать «to encompass»? (португальский)
Настоящий репетитор португальского живёт в приложении
Чтение — только начало: Mio создан для практики. Приложение добавляет всё, чего веб не умеет:
- Разговор
Настоящие разговоры с ИИ-репетитором
- Аудирование
Короткие истории и диалоги с вопросами на понимание
- Умные карточки
Интервальные повторения показывают слова прямо перед тем, как вы их забудете
- Ваш коуч Mio
Следит за вашими ошибками и строит план дня вокруг слабых мест