🇵🇹 португальский · B2 · Society & Global Issues

Immigration

7 мин чтения · conjuntivo imperfeito (se eu fosse imigrante...) · condicionais mistos

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Лексика

emigrarto emigrate
acolhimentoreception/welcome
integraçãointegration
refugiadorefugee
fronteiraborder
asiloasylum
diásporadiaspora
xenofobiaxenophobia
cidadaniacitizenship
multiculturalismomulticulturalism
imigrarto immigrate
regularizaçãoregularisation

Discussing immigration requires the imperfect subjunctive and mixed conditionals to express hypothetical scenarios and empathy.

The imperfect subjunctive (conjuntivo imperfeito) Formed from the preterite: ser → fosse, ter → tivesse, poder → pudesse. Used for hypothetical situations: Se eu fosse imigrante, compreenderia as dificuldades. (If I were an immigrant, I would understand the difficulties.)

Mixed conditionals Combine past hypothesis with present result: Se tivesse emigrado há dez anos, hoje estaria integrado. (If I had emigrated ten years ago, I would be integrated today.)

Emigrar vs. imigrar Emigrar = to leave one's country; imigrar = to enter a new country. Portugal has a long history of emigração (to Brazil, France, etc.) and now receives imigração from former colonies.

Expressing empathy and perspective Ponha-se no lugar de... (Put yourself in the place of...), Imagina que tinhas de deixar tudo (Imagine you had to leave everything). These structures invite the listener to consider another viewpoint.

Выражения

Se eu fosse imigrante...Hypothetical empathy
Ponha-se no lugar de...Inviting perspective-taking
Pedir asilo políticoRequesting political asylum
Obter a cidadaniaGetting citizenship
A integração é fundamentalStating a core belief
Lutar contra a xenofobiaExpressing a social cause

Типичные ошибки

~~Se eu era imigrante~~
Se eu fosse imigrante
Hypothetical situations require the imperfect subjunctive (fosse), not the imperfect indicative.
~~Ele emigrou para Portugal~~
Ele imigrou para Portugal
Emigrar means to leave; imigrar means to arrive. He immigrated TO Portugal.
~~Se tivesse emigrado, estaria integrado~~
Se tivesse emigrado há dez anos, hoje estaria integrado
Mixed conditionals need temporal context to clarify past-to-present logic.
~~Pedir por asilo~~
Pedir asilo
Pedir does not take the preposition por before its direct object.
~~A xenofobia contra os estrangeiros~~
A xenofobia em relação aos estrangeiros
Use em relação a (towards) rather than contra for a more nuanced expression.

Быстрый квиз

Вопрос 1 из 5

Как сказать «asylum»? (португальский)

Это мини-версия

Настоящий репетитор португальского живёт в приложении

Чтение — только начало: Mio создан для практики. Приложение добавляет всё, чего веб не умеет:

Разговор
Настоящие разговоры с ИИ-репетитором
Аудирование
Короткие истории и диалоги с вопросами на понимание
Умные карточки
Интервальные повторения показывают слова прямо перед тем, как вы их забудете
Ваш коуч Mio
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