Cognitive Biases
Deze les is nog niet in jouw taal beschikbaar — hij wordt in het Engels getoond.
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- 认知偏见cognitive bias
- 确认偏误confirmation bias
- 锚定效应anchoring effect
- 从众心理herd mentality
- 刻板印象stereotype
- 盲点blind spot
- 先入为主preconception / prejudge
- 思维定势fixed mindset / rigid thinking
Cognitive Biases in Chinese
Discussing cognitive biases in Chinese requires specific vocabulary. These concepts are increasingly relevant in Chinese media literacy.
Key biases and their Chinese names
- 确认偏误 (confirmation bias): Only seeking evidence that confirms existing beliefs
- 人们往往倾向于只接受与自己观点相符的信息。
- "People tend to only accept information that aligns with their existing views."
- 锚定效应 (anchoring): First piece of information sets the reference point
- 第一印象往往影响人们对后续信息的判断。
- 从众心理 (herd mentality): Following the crowd without independent thought
- 在社交媒体时代，从众心理更容易被放大。
- 先入为主 (preconception): Judging before examining fully
- 不要先入为主地认为某种文化就是...
Generalisation structures
- 倾向于 + verb → X tends to
- 人类大脑倾向于寻找规律，即便规律并不存在。
- 容易产生 + noun → easily gives rise to
- 信息茧房容易产生确认偏误。
Using these in critical analysis
When analysing media or arguments, identify the bias at work:
- 该报道存在明显的确认偏误倾向。
- 这一论点反映了典型的刻板印象思维。
Uitdrukkingen
- 人们倾向于只接受符合自身观点的信息Confirmation bias: people tend to accept con
- 锚定效应使首次报价影响了谈判结果Anchoring: the first price anchored the negotiati
- 从众心理在社交媒体上尤为明显Herd mentality is especially visible on social
- 该报道存在先入为主的倾向Critical analysis: the report shows preconception
- 打破思维定势才能真正创新Breaking rigid thinking patterns enables rea
Veelgemaakte fouten
他有确认偏误他的论述中存在明显的确认偏误倾向Labelling a person directly (他有) is an accusation — in analytical writing, describe the pattern in the argument, not the person
所有人都有从众心理人们在特定社会情境下容易产生从众心理All-or-nothing generalisations (所有人都) ignore context — use 容易产生 + 在...情境下 for nuanced accuracy
这个论点不好，因为有偏见该论点因存在确认偏误而缺乏说服力Vague critique (不好) lacks force — name the specific bias and explain why it weakens the argument
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