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Geopolitics

읽는 데 5분 · léxico diplomático y político · subjuntivo en cláusulas concesivas

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어휘

hegemoníahegemony
soberaníasovereignty
multilateralismomultilateralism
neocolonialismoneocolonialism
diplomaciadiplomacy
sancionessanctions
tratadotreaty
alianzaalliance
conflicto armadoarmed conflict
refugiadorefugee
asiloasylum
embargoembargo
cumbresummit
mediaciónmediation

Geopolitics in Spanish: a Latin American perspective

Spanish geopolitical vocabulary reflects the historical and cultural realities of the Spanish-speaking world, with particular sensitivity to questions of sovereignty and neocolonialism.

Power and international relations

Hegemonía refers to the political, economic, or cultural domination of one state or bloc over others
Soberanía is a fundamental concept in Latin America, often invoked against foreign interference
Multilateralismo stands in opposition to unilateralism and promotes cooperation among states within international organizations
Neocolonialismo denounces modern forms of economic and cultural domination

Diplomatic instruments

Sanciones are punitive measures imposed by a state or group of states against another
A tratado is a formal agreement between states that is legally binding
An embargo refers to a trade ban imposed on a country
Mediación is a conflict resolution process involving a neutral third party

Crises and protection

A conflicto armado is the legal term preferred over "guerra" in international law
A refugiado has a precise legal status defined by the Geneva Convention
The right of asilo protects individuals persecuted in their country of origin
Cumbres are summit meetings between heads of state

표현

Vulnera la soberanía nacionalIt violates national sovereignty
Se firmó un tratado bilateralA bilateral treaty was signed
Imponer sanciones económicasTo impose economic sanctions
Solicitar asilo políticoTo request political asylum
Celebrar una cumbre internacionalTo hold an international summit
Romper relaciones diplomáticasTo break off diplomatic relations
Ejercer presión geopolíticaTo exert geopolitical pressure

자주 하는 실수

~~Hacer una alianza~~
Forjar / establecer una alianza
In diplomatic register, use "forjar" or "establecer" rather than the generic "hacer"
~~Los refugiados piden refugio~~
Los refugiados solicitan asilo
The legal term is "solicitar asilo," not "pedir refugio"
~~Las sanciones contra de un país~~
Las sanciones contra un país
The preposition "contra" does not take "de" in Spanish
~~Asistir a la cumbre~~
Acudir a la cumbre / participar en la cumbre
"Asistir a" can be ambiguous (attend vs help). "Acudir a" or "participar en" are more precise
~~El tratado fue firmado entre ambos países~~
El tratado fue suscrito por ambos países
In formal diplomatic language, "suscribir" is preferred over "firmar" for treaties

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