The global economy
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어휘
- inflacióninflation
- deflacióndeflation
- devaluacióndevaluation
- aranceltariff
- PIBGDP
- renta per cápitaper capita income
- desempleounemployment
- subvenciónsubsidy
- privatizaciónprivatization
- desregulaciónderegulation
- mercado emergenteemerging market
- deuda soberanasovereign debt
- superávitsurplus
- déficitdeficit
The global economy in Spanish
Economic discourse in Spanish has precise technical vocabulary, essential for analyzing fiscal policies and international trade.
Macroeconomic indicators
- Inflación measures the generalized rise in prices, while deflación is the opposite
- Devaluación refers to the loss of a currency's value relative to foreign currencies
- PIB (Producto Interior Bruto) is the main indicator of a country's wealth
- Renta per cápita allows comparison of living standards between countries
- Desempleo is a fundamental social and economic indicator
Economic policy
- Aranceles are taxes imposed on imports to protect domestic industry
- Subvenciones are financial aid from the state to support certain sectors
- Privatización involves transferring public enterprises to the private sector
- Desregulación aims to reduce state intervention in the economy
International finance
- Mercados emergentes refer to rapidly developing economies such as Mexico, Brazil, or Colombia
- Deuda soberana is debt contracted by a state from creditors
- Superávit is a budget or trade surplus, the opposite of déficit
- Trade restrictions can include tariffs, quotas, and embargoes
표현
- La inflación se disparóInflation skyrocketed
- Reducir el déficit fiscalTo reduce the fiscal deficit
- Imponer aranceles a las importacionesTo impose tariffs on imports
- La economía entró en recesiónThe economy entered a recession
- Fomentar la inversión extranjeraTo encourage foreign investment
- Alcanzar un superávit comercialTo achieve a trade surplus
- La deuda soberana es insostenibleThe sovereign debt is unsustainable
자주 하는 실수
El desempleo está en 10 por cientosEl desempleo está en el 10 por cientoUse "el 10 por ciento" (singular with article), never "por cientos"
La economía está en inflaciónLa economía sufre inflación / hay inflaciónDon't say "estar en inflación" — use "sufrir inflación" or "hay inflación"
Subir los arancelesAumentar / elevar los arancelesIn economic register, "aumentar" or "elevar" are preferred over transitive "subir"
El PIB del país ha crecido un 3 por cientosEl PIB del país ha crecido un 3 por ciento"Por ciento" is invariable in Spanish — it never takes a plural
Hacer una privatizaciónLlevar a cabo una privatizaciónIn formal economic language, "llevar a cabo" is more appropriate than "hacer"
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