Future medicine
이 레슨은 아직 해당 언어로 제공되지 않아 영어로 표시돼요.
어휘
- la terapia génicagene therapy
- un trasplantea transplant
- inteligencia artificialartificial intelligence
- un diagnósticoa diagnosis
- una vacunaa vaccine
- un fármacoa drug / medication
- la cirugía robóticarobotic surgery
- un tratamientoa treatment
- prevenirto prevent
- una célula madrea stem cell
The Future with Modal Verbs (futuro con modales)
In Spanish, to talk about the future in a nuanced way, modal verbs poder, deber, and tener que are often combined with an infinitive. This is very common in discussions about medical advances.
Future Possibility
Poder + infinitive (in future or conditional):
- *La terapia génica podrá curar muchas enfermedades.* (Gene therapy will be able to cure many diseases.)
- *Esta tecnología podría revolucionar la cirugía.* (This technology could revolutionize surgery.)
Future Obligation / Necessity
Deber / Tener que + infinitive (in future):
- *Los gobiernos deberán invertir más en investigación.* (Governments will have to invest more in research.)
- *Los médicos tendrán que adaptarse a las nuevas tecnologías.* (Doctors will have to adapt to new technologies.)
Probability
Deber de + infinitive expresses probability:
- *Este fármaco debe de ser muy eficaz.* (This drug must be very effective.)
Note: *deber + infinitive* = obligation, *deber de + infinitive* = probability. This distinction is often neglected in speech but important in writing.
표현
- En un futuro no muy lejano...To introduce a medium-term prediction
- Se prevé que...To express a forecast
- Gracias a los avances en...To attribute progress to a field
- Esto supondría un cambio en...To talk about a transformative impact
- Todavía queda mucho por investigar...To temper optimism
- El reto consiste en...To identify a challenge
자주 하는 실수
Los médicos podrán que adaptarse a la tecnología.Los médicos tendrán que adaptarse a la tecnología.Use tener que + infinitive, not poder que. Poder is followed directly by the infinitive.
Este fármaco debe de tomarse cada ocho horas.Este fármaco debe tomarse cada ocho horas.Deber + infinitive expresses obligation. Deber de + infinitive expresses probability. Here it is an obligation.
La terapia génica podrá curar enfermedades en el futuro proximo.La terapia génica podrá curar enfermedades en el futuro próximo.In Spanish, proximo requires an accent: próximo. Without the accent, the pronunciation would be wrong.
Se prevé que la medicina va a cambiar mucho.Se prevé que la medicina cambiará mucho.After se prevé que, use the subjunctive (cambie) or the future (cambiará), not the ir a + infinitive construction in formal register.
Los gobiernos deberían de invertir más en salud.Los gobiernos deberían invertir más en salud.The conditional of deber + infinitive (softened obligation) does not take de. Deber de is reserved for probability.
짧은 퀴즈
5문제 중 1번
«a stem cell»를 스페인어로 어떻게 말할까요?
진짜 스페인어 튜터는 앱에 있어요
읽는 건 시작일 뿐이에요 — Mio는 연습을 위해 만들어졌어요. 앱에는 웹이 할 수 없는 것들이 전부 있어요:
- 대화
AI 튜터와 나누는 진짜 음성 대화
- 듣기
이해도 문제가 딸린 짧은 이야기와 대화
- 똑똑한 단어 카드
잊어버리기 직전에 단어를 다시 보여 주는 간격 반복
- 나의 코치 미오
실수를 기록하고 약점에 맞춘 오늘의 계획을 짜 줘요