Double Infinitives
이 레슨은 아직 해당 언어로 제공되지 않아 영어로 표시돼요.
어휘
- de dubbele infinitiefthe double infinitive
- het modale werkwoordthe modal verb
- kunnencan / to be able to
- willento want to
- moetenmust / to have to
- mogenmay / to be allowed to
- het voltooid deelwoordthe past participle
- de bijzinthe subordinate clause
- de woordvolgordethe word order
- het infinitiefthe infinitive
The double infinitive (dubbele infinitief) is one of Dutch grammar's most distinctive features. When a modal verb is used in the perfect tense, the past participle is replaced by the infinitive.
Basic rule: Instead of the expected past participle, modals use their infinitive form in perfect tenses:
- *Hij heeft het niet kunnen doen.* (He has not been able to do it.) — NOT *gekund doen*
- *Ze had willen komen.* (She had wanted to come.) — NOT *gewild komen*
Which verbs trigger this? *kunnen, willen, moeten, mogen, zullen, laten, horen, zien, helpen, doen:*
- *Ik heb hem horen zingen.* (I heard him sing.)
- *We hebben het laten repareren.* (We had it repaired.)
Word order in subordinate clauses: The double infinitive always goes to the end, and the auxiliary comes before it:
- *...omdat hij het niet heeft kunnen doen.* — the auxiliary *heeft* precedes the double infinitive
Triple infinitives are theoretically possible but rare: *Hij zou het hebben willen kunnen doen.* (He would have wanted to be able to do it.) These are avoided in practice.
표현
- Hij heeft het niet kunnen doen.He has not been able to do it.
- Ze had willen komen.She had wanted to come.
- Ik heb hem horen zingen.I heard him sing.
- We hebben het laten repareren.We had it repaired.
- Hij had het moeten weten.He should have known.
- Ze zou het hebben willen zien.She would have wanted to see it.
자주 하는 실수
Hij heeft het niet gekund doen.Hij heeft het niet kunnen doen.Modal verbs use the infinitive (kunnen) in the double infinitive, not the past participle (gekund).
...omdat hij het niet kunnen doen heeft....omdat hij het niet heeft kunnen doen.The auxiliary heeft precedes the double infinitive in subordinate clauses.
Ze had gekomen willen.Ze had willen komen.The modal infinitive (willen) comes before the main verb infinitive (komen).
Ik heb hem gehoord zingen.Ik heb hem horen zingen.Horen uses the double infinitive construction, not gehoord.
We hebben het gerepareerd laten.We hebben het laten repareren.Laten triggers the double infinitive: laten + infinitive of the main verb.
짧은 퀴즈
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