🇳🇱 네덜란드어 · C1 · Advanced Grammar

Advanced Passive

읽는 데 5분 · advanced passive constructions (Er wordt gedanst / Het boek wordt geacht gelezen te zijn)

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어휘

er wordt gedanstthere is dancing (impers.)
het wordt verwachtit is expected
worden geachtto be expected/supposed to
de lijdende vormthe passive voice
het onpersoonlijk passiefthe impersonal passive
door + agentby + agent (in passive)
het hulpwerkwoordthe auxiliary verb
het voltooid deelwoordthe past participle
de bedrijvende vormthe active voice
omzettento convert / transform

Dutch advanced passive constructions go far beyond basic *worden + past participle*. C1-level Dutch requires mastering impersonal passives and complex passive structures.

Impersonal passive (onpersoonlijk passief): Dutch can make intransitive verbs passive: *Er wordt gedanst.* (There is dancing / Dancing is happening.) *Er werd gelachen.* (There was laughter.) This is impossible in English.

Get-passive (krijgen-passief): *Hij kreeg het boek overhandigd.* (He was handed the book.) The indirect object becomes the subject.

Complex passives: *Het boek wordt geacht gelezen te zijn.* (The book is considered to have been read.) These combine passive with infinitive constructions.

Passive with modals: *Er moet worden ingegrepen.* (Action must be taken.) *Het kan niet worden ontkend.* (It cannot be denied.) In subordinate clauses, word order changes: *...dat er ingegrepen moet worden.*

When to use passive: Dutch favors the passive in formal writing, news reporting, and when the agent is unknown or unimportant. Overusing passive in conversation sounds unnatural.

표현

Er wordt verwacht dat...It is expected that...
Er moet worden ingegrepen.Action must be taken.
Het kan niet worden ontkend dat...It cannot be denied that...
Er werd besloten om...It was decided to...
Het probleem wordt onderzocht.The problem is being investigated.
Er is veel gediscussieerd over...There has been much discussion about...

자주 하는 실수

~~Er wordt gedansd.~~
Er wordt gedanst.
The past participle of dansen is gedanst, not gedansd.
~~Het boek wordt gelezen geacht te zijn.~~
Het boek wordt geacht gelezen te zijn.
Geacht comes after worden, then the infinitive construction follows.
~~Er werd door iedereen gelachd.~~
Er werd door iedereen gelachen.
The past participle of lachen is gelachen, not gelachd.
~~Er wordt moeten ingegrepen.~~
Er moet worden ingegrepen.
The modal moet comes first, then worden + past participle.
~~Het probleem is onderzocht worden.~~
Het probleem wordt onderzocht.
Use worden (present) for ongoing passive, not a double construction.

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