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🇵🇹 पुर्तगाली · C1 · Academic World

Defending a thesis

8 मिनट पढ़ना · future subjunctive in argumentation · advanced concessive clauses · counter-argument structures

यह पाठ अभी आपकी भाषा में उपलब्ध नहीं है — इसे अंग्रेज़ी में दिखाया जा रहा है।

शब्दावली

  • defenderto defend / argue
  • rebaterto rebut / counter
  • contraporto counter / oppose
  • argumentarto argue
  • fundamentarto substantiate
  • a evidênciathe evidence
  • a tesethe thesis
  • o contra-argumentothe counter-argument
  • a concessãothe concession
  • a refutaçãothe refutation
  • a premissathe premise
  • a ressalvathe caveat

Defending a Thesis in Portuguese

The Future Subjunctive in Argumentation

The future subjunctive is used in formal argumentation for hypothetical conditions:

  • Se os dados comprovarem esta hipótese (If the data prove this hypothesis)
  • Caso se venha a confirmar (Should it come to be confirmed)
  • Quando os investigadores analisarem (When the researchers analyze)

Advanced Concessive Clauses

Concessions acknowledge opposing points before strengthening your argument:

  • Embora os críticos contestem, a evidência é clara (Although critics contest, the evidence is clear)
  • Ainda que se possa argumentar o contrário (Even though one may argue otherwise)
  • Não obstante as limitações (Notwithstanding the limitations)

Counter-Argument Structures

Building and dismantling counter-arguments shows intellectual rigor:

  • Poder-se-ia argumentar que... Contudo (One could argue that... However)
  • É certo que... No entanto (It is true that... Nevertheless)
  • Admitindo que... importa ressalvar que (Admitting that... it is important to note that)

Strengthening Your Position

Use evidence-based language: Os dados corroboram (The data corroborate), A evidência sustenta (The evidence supports), Fica demonstrado que (It is demonstrated that).

Tip: A strong thesis defense always acknowledges limitations before reaffirming core arguments.

वाक्यांश

  • Poder-se-ia argumentar queOne could argue that
  • Não obstante as limitaçõesNotwithstanding the limitations
  • A evidência corrobora a teseThe evidence corroborates the thesis
  • Importa contrapor queIt is important to counter that
  • Admitindo embora queWhile admitting that
  • Fica assim demonstrado queIt is thus demonstrated that

आम गलतियाँ

  • Se os dados comprovam
    Se os dados comprovarem

    Future subjunctive required after «se» for future hypothetical conditions

  • Apesar que os críticos
    Embora os críticos / Apesar de os críticos

    «Apesar que» is incorrect — use «embora» + subjunctive or «apesar de»

  • Pode-se-ia argumentar
    Poder-se-ia argumentar

    Mesoclisis attaches to the infinitive (poder), not the conjugated form

  • A evidência prova que eu tenho razão
    A evidência sugere / corrobora que

    Avoid first person and absolute claims — use hedging language

  • Mas no entanto
    No entanto / Contudo

    «Mas» and «no entanto» are redundant — use one or the other

झटपट क्विज़

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