🇵🇹 葡萄牙语 · C1 · Academic World

Citing and referencing

阅读 8 分钟 · advanced reported speech · citation verbs · referencing structures

这一课还没有你的语言版本 — 先以英文显示。

词汇

citarto cite / to quote
referenciarto reference
a citaçãothe quotation
a referênciathe reference
o discurso indiretothe indirect speech
segundoaccording to
de acordo comin accordance with
conformeas per / according to
afirmarto state / affirm
sustentarto maintain / uphold
o plágiothe plagiarism
a fonte primáriathe primary source

Citing and Referencing in Portuguese

Advanced Reported Speech

When citing in academic Portuguese, reported speech requires careful verb tense shifts:

Direct: O autor disse: "Os dados confirmam a hipótese"
Indirect: O autor afirmou que os dados confirmavam a hipótese

Citation Verbs

Portuguese academic writing uses diverse citation verbs beyond simple "dizer":

Afirmar (to state), sustentar (to maintain), defender (to argue)
Salientar (to highlight), sublinhar (to underline), ressalvar (to caveat)
Reconhecer (to acknowledge), contestar (to contest), refutar (to refute)

Introducing Citations

Key structures for introducing citations:

Segundo Silva (2023), ... (According to Silva)
De acordo com os dados recolhidos, ... (According to the collected data)
Conforme sublinhado por Pereira (2022), ... (As highlighted by Pereira)
Nas palavras de Costa (2024), ... (In the words of Costa)

Direct vs Indirect Citation

Use direct quotes sparingly and only for particularly impactful passages. Paraphrasing with proper attribution is preferred in Portuguese academic tradition.

Tip: Vary your citation verbs to show your critical engagement with the source material.

表达

Segundo o autor supracitadoAccording to the aforementioned author
Conforme referido anteriormenteAs previously mentioned
Nas palavras de Silva (2023)In the words of Silva (2023)
Como sublinha Pereira (2022)As Pereira (2022) underlines
A este respeito, Costa defendeIn this regard, Costa argues
Tal como sustentado por AlmeidaAs maintained by Almeida

常见错误

~~O autor disse que os dados confirmam~~
O autor afirmou que os dados confirmavam
Indirect speech requires backshift: confirmam → confirmavam
~~Segundo ao Silva~~
Segundo Silva
No preposition needed after «segundo» — it governs directly
~~De acordo o estudo~~
De acordo com o estudo
«De acordo» always requires the preposition «com»
~~O autor fala que~~
O autor afirma / sustenta que
«Falar que» is colloquial — use academic citation verbs
~~Como diz no livro~~
Conforme referido na obra
«Diz no livro» is too informal — use «conforme referido na obra»

小测验

第 1 题，共 5 题

「the quotation」用葡萄牙语怎么说？

这只是迷你版

真正的葡萄牙语导师在应用里

读只是开始 — Mio 是为练习而生的。应用里有网页做不到的一切：

对话
与 AI 导师真实的语音对话
听力
带理解题的短故事和对话
智能单词卡
在你快忘之前把单词推给你的间隔重复
你的教练 Mio
记录你的错误，围绕弱项排出每天的计划