🇬🇧 英语 · C1 · 学术世界
引用来源
词汇
- citation引文/参考文献
- reference参考文献/来源
- bibliography参考书目
- plagiarism剽窃
- quote引用/直接引语
- attribute归属/注明作者
- acknowledge承认/提及
- scholar学者/研究人员
- academic学术的/大学的
- credibility可信度
- annotation注释
- corroborate证实
- peer review同行评审
- substantiate论证/证实
在学术英语中引用来源
正确引用来源是基本的学术与伦理责任。英语出版物中主要使用两套引用体系。本节用中文讲解英语学术引用。
APA（American Psychological Association）——用于心理学、社会科学和教育学：
- 正文中：(Smith, 2021, p. 45) 或 Smith (2021) argues that...
- 参考书目中：Smith, J. (2021). Title of work. Publisher.
MLA（Modern Language Association）——用于文学、艺术和人文学科：
- 正文中：(Smith 45) 或 Smith argues that...
- 参考书目中：Smith, John. Title of Work. Publisher, 2021.
归属表达
要自然地引入引文或观点，可使用：
- As Smith (2021) argues, "..." — the implication being that...
- According to recent scholarship (Jones, 2020), the evidence suggests...
- A landmark study conducted by Chen et al. (2019) demonstrated that...
- This view is corroborated by the findings of López and Martin (2022), who...
- Contrary to conventional wisdom, Kim (2023) contends that...
表达
- As X argues...引入并归属给特定作者的观点
- According to Y (year)...引用来源并标明出版年份
- This is supported by...用外部来源证实自己的论点
- Contrary to what X claims...引用被反驳的作者以质疑其观点
- A growing body of evidence suggests...提及一组相互印证的研究
- Scholars have long debated...将问题置于学术讨论的语境中
- The seminal work of X established...提及该领域的奠基性研究
- As corroborated by recent findings...借助最新发现增强论点
常见错误
As Smith (2019) says that the results are significant.As Smith (2019) argues, the results are significant. / Smith (2019) argues that the results are significant.as 已引出归属从句，不能再用 says that；应选用其中一种结构。
As it is cited in the work of Brown...As Brown demonstrates... / Brown shows that...无主语的被动表达 as it is cited 很别扭；改用主动的归属动词。
Many researchers believe that climate change is real.A growing body of researchers maintains that... / Research consistently indicates that...Many researchers 过于笼统；学术写作应使用更精确的数量表达或表述。
This idea comes from Jones et al (2020).This idea is drawn from Jones et al. (2020). / This concept originates in Jones et al. (2020).Comes from 对学术写作过于口语化；应使用更准确的学术动词。
The author references to the 2019 study.The author references the 2019 study.作动词时 reference 直接接宾语，后面不加介词 to。
According to Smith, he argues that the results are valid.Smith argues that the results are valid.According to X 与 X argues 意义重复；两种结构应择一使用。
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「可信度」用英语怎么说？
真正的英语导师在应用里
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