🇬🇧 英语 · B2 · 社会与全球议题
气候变化
词汇
- carbon碳
- emissions排放
- renewable可再生的
- sustainable可持续的
- crisis危机
- fossil fuels化石燃料
- deforestation森林砍伐
- impact影响
- target目标 / 指标
- net zero净零排放
- biodiversity生物多样性
- greenhouse effect温室效应
- drought干旱
- carbon footprint碳足迹
英语中的气候变化（中文讲解）
第三条件句
第三条件句用于表达对无法改变的过去事件的遗憾或反思。在气候辩论中，它常用来说明未采取行动的后果。
- 结构：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would have + 过去分词
- 例句：If we had acted sooner, we would have avoided the worst effects of climate change.
- 例句：If governments had invested in renewables earlier, emissions would have been lower.
- 例句：Had deforestation been prevented, biodiversity would have been better preserved.
气候辩论的核心词汇
- Carbon footprint — 个人碳足迹
- Carbon offset — 碳抵消
- Climate pledge — 气候承诺
- Tipping point — 不可逆转的临界点
- Greenwashing — 漂绿，即带有误导性的环保宣传
气候辩论的表达结构
- Unless drastic action is taken... — 除非采取严厉措施……
- The science is clear that... — 科学已经明确指出……
- We are running out of time to... — 我们几乎没有时间再去……
- Transitioning to renewable energy is essential — 向可再生能源转型至关重要
表达
- If we had acted sooner, we would have...用第三条件句表达遗憾
- The science is clear that引出已确立的科学事实
- Unless drastic action is taken表达紧迫且否定的条件
- We are running out of time to表达气候危机的紧迫性
- Renewable energy transition is essential论证转型的必要性
- That sounds like greenwashing批评不够实质的承诺
- We are running out of time表达应对气候变化的紧迫性
- There is no planet B强调保护地球没有替代方案
常见错误
If we acted sooner, we would have avoided this.If we had acted sooner, we would have avoided this.第三条件句在条件从句中要用过去完成时，即 had + 过去分词，而不是一般过去时。
Had we not invested, the situation would be worst.Had we not invested, the situation would be worse.Worst 是最高级；比较两种情况时应使用比较级 worse。
The emissions have raised since the industrial revolution.The emissions have risen since the industrial revolution.Rise 是不及物不规则动词：rise / rose / risen。Raise 是及物动词，意为抬高某物。
We should take drastic measures to fight against climate change.We should take drastic measures to tackle / combat / address climate change.Fight against climate change 语法正确；在正式政策语境中，tackle、combat 或 address 更准确。
The renewable energies are the future.Renewable energy is the future.Renewable energy 是泛指的不可数名词，不用定冠词，也不用复数。
The climate change is a global problem.Climate change is a global problem.Climate change 是泛指概念，前面不加 the。
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「化石燃料」用英语怎么说？
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