司法制度

司法语境中的英语过去时被动语态

司法系统大量使用被动语态，尤其是过去时，因为重点在行动本身，而不是执行者。

Was/Were + 过去分词（一般过去时被动语态）

• He was convicted of fraud. → 他因欺诈罪被判有罪。
• The evidence was presented to the jury. → 证据被提交给陪审团。
• She was sentenced to five years in prison. → 她被判处五年监禁。

Had been + 过去分词（过去完成时被动语态）

用于发生在另一过去事件之前的行动：

• He had been acquitted before new evidence emerged. → 新证据出现前，他已经被宣告无罪。
• The case had been dismissed due to lack of evidence. → 该案因证据不足已被驳回。

司法语境中常见的被动结构

• The defendant was found guilty/not guilty. → 被告被判有罪/无罪。
• The verdict was delivered by the jury. → 陪审团作出了裁决。
• An appeal was filed by the defence. → 辩方提出了上诉。

提示： 英语法律语言中，被动语态无处不在，因为它能营造客观、非个人化的语气。