🇮🇹 итальянский · A2 · Nature & Environment

Protecting the planet

5 мин чтения · si deve + infinito / bisogna + infinito · dovere per obbligo morale

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Лексика

riciclareto recycle
raccolta differenziatawaste sorting / recycling
inquinamentopollution
energia rinnovabilerenewable energy
pannelli solarisolar panels
rifiutiwaste / rubbish / trash
sprecareto waste
risparmiareto save / to economise
ambienteenvironment
sostenibilesustainable
il riscaldamento globaleglobal warming
le emissionithe emissions
il pannello solarethe solar panel

Expressing moral obligation: si deve, bisogna, dovere

Three structures are essential for talking about environmental responsibility.

si deve + infinitive — one must / you must (impersonal) Si deve riciclare ogni giorno. — One must recycle every day.

bisogna + infinitive — it is necessary / one must (impersonal, invariable) Bisogna ridurre i rifiuti. — It is necessary to reduce waste. Bisogna is always third person and never conjugated.

dovere + infinitive — must / to have to (personal, expresses moral duty) Dobbiamo proteggere l'ambiente. — We must protect the environment. Tutti devono fare la raccolta differenziata. — Everyone must do their recycling.

Key difference:

Si deve and bisogna are impersonal: no specific subject is stated.
Dovere is personal: it is clear who is responsible.

Further examples:

Non si deve sprecare l'acqua. — One must not waste water.
Bisogna usare energie rinnovabili. — It is necessary to use renewable energies.
Dovete risparmiare energia a casa. — You must save energy at home.

Выражения

bisogna + infinitivoit is necessary to... / one must...
si deve + infinitivoone must...
dobbiamo proteggerewe must protect
non si deve sprecareone must not waste
fare la raccolta differenziatato do recycling / separate waste
risparmiare energiato save energy
Dovremmo ridurre i rifiuti.Saying we should reduce waste
Uso i mezzi pubblici per inquinare meno.Explaining an eco-friendly habit

Типичные ошибки

~~bisogna che riciclare~~
bisogna riciclare
after bisogna use infinitive directly, never che + subjunctive in this context
~~si devono riciclare~~
si deve riciclare
si deve is invariable and impersonal; riciclare is the action, not subject
~~devo che proteggere~~
devo proteggere
dovere is followed directly by infinitive, without che
~~non bisogna a sprecare~~
non bisogna sprecare
no preposition between bisogna and the infinitive
~~Dobbiamo proteggere il ambiente.~~
Dobbiamo proteggere l'ambiente.
before a vowel, il becomes l'
~~Il riscaldamento globale è un problema molto seria.~~
Il riscaldamento globale è un problema molto serio.
problema is masculine in Italian: serio

Быстрый квиз

Вопрос 1 из 5

Как сказать «waste / rubbish / trash»? (итальянский)

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