Defending a thesis
Ta lekcja nie jest jeszcze dostępna w twoim języku — pokazujemy ją po angielsku.
Słownictwo
- defenderto defend / argue
- rebaterto rebut / counter
- contraporto counter / oppose
- argumentarto argue
- fundamentarto substantiate
- a evidênciathe evidence
- a tesethe thesis
- o contra-argumentothe counter-argument
- a concessãothe concession
- a refutaçãothe refutation
- a premissathe premise
- a ressalvathe caveat
Defending a Thesis in Portuguese
The Future Subjunctive in Argumentation
The future subjunctive is used in formal argumentation for hypothetical conditions:
- Se os dados comprovarem esta hipótese (If the data prove this hypothesis)
- Caso se venha a confirmar (Should it come to be confirmed)
- Quando os investigadores analisarem (When the researchers analyze)
Advanced Concessive Clauses
Concessions acknowledge opposing points before strengthening your argument:
- Embora os críticos contestem, a evidência é clara (Although critics contest, the evidence is clear)
- Ainda que se possa argumentar o contrário (Even though one may argue otherwise)
- Não obstante as limitações (Notwithstanding the limitations)
Counter-Argument Structures
Building and dismantling counter-arguments shows intellectual rigor:
- Poder-se-ia argumentar que... Contudo (One could argue that... However)
- É certo que... No entanto (It is true that... Nevertheless)
- Admitindo que... importa ressalvar que (Admitting that... it is important to note that)
Strengthening Your Position
Use evidence-based language: Os dados corroboram (The data corroborate), A evidência sustenta (The evidence supports), Fica demonstrado que (It is demonstrated that).
Tip: A strong thesis defense always acknowledges limitations before reaffirming core arguments.
Zwroty
- Poder-se-ia argumentar queOne could argue that
- Não obstante as limitaçõesNotwithstanding the limitations
- A evidência corrobora a teseThe evidence corroborates the thesis
- Importa contrapor queIt is important to counter that
- Admitindo embora queWhile admitting that
- Fica assim demonstrado queIt is thus demonstrated that
Typowe błędy
Se os dados comprovamSe os dados comprovaremFuture subjunctive required after «se» for future hypothetical conditions
Apesar que os críticosEmbora os críticos / Apesar de os críticos«Apesar que» is incorrect — use «embora» + subjunctive or «apesar de»
Pode-se-ia argumentarPoder-se-ia argumentarMesoclisis attaches to the infinitive (poder), not the conjugated form
A evidência prova que eu tenho razãoA evidência sugere / corrobora queAvoid first person and absolute claims — use hedging language
Mas no entantoNo entanto / Contudo«Mas» and «no entanto» are redundant — use one or the other
Szybki quiz
Pytanie 1 z 5
Jak powiedzieć «to argue»? (portugalski)
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