The Justice System
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Słownictwo
- 법원court (of law)
- 판사judge
- 검사prosecutor
- 변호사lawyer, attorney
- 피고defendant
- 원고plaintiff
- 판결verdict, ruling
- 항소하다to appeal (a verdict)
- 선고받다to receive a sentence
- 무죄not guilty, innocent
- 유죄guilty
- 증거evidence
The Korean Justice System
Discussing courts and legal proceedings in Korean requires formal grammar including passive constructions and indirect speech.
Key grammar points:
- -하여야 한다 — Legal obligations: what must be done according to law.
- 피고는 재판에 출석하여야 한다. (The defendant must appear in court.)
- -되어지다 / 받다 (passive) — Describes what is done to a person by the system.
- 그는 5년 징역을 선고받았다. (He received a sentence of 5 years in prison.)
- 증거가 법원에 제출되었다. (The evidence was submitted to the court.)
- -다고/라고 (indirect speech) — Reports what was said in court or in legal documents.
- 판사는 무죄라고 판결했다. (The judge ruled that he was not guilty.)
- 그럼에도 불구하고 — "Nevertheless / Despite this" — used in legal arguments to counter evidence.
- 그럼에도 불구하고 피고는 무죄를 주장했다. (Nevertheless, the defendant claimed innocence.)
Note: Korean courts follow a civil law system. Passive forms (받다, 되다) are very common in formal legal discourse.
Typowe błędy
피고는 판결을 항소하기로 결정했다피고는 판결에 항소하기로 결정했다항소하다 takes the particle 에, not 을/를. You appeal *to* a verdict: 판결에 항소하다.
그는 징역 5년을 선고했다그는 징역 5년을 선고받았다He *received* the sentence, so use the passive 선고받다. 선고했다 means he handed it down (that's the judge).
변호사님께서 증거를 제출했어요변호사님께서 증거를 제출하셨습니다With the honorific subject marker 께서 you need the honorific -시- and formal 합니다체, not casual 해요체.
판사는 피고가 무죄이다고 판결했다판사는 피고가 무죄라고 판결했다After a noun + 이다 in indirect speech, use 라고 (무죄라고), never 이다고.
모든 증거가 법원에서 제출되었다모든 증거가 법원에 제출되었다제출되다 marks the destination with 에 (to the court), not 에서, which would mean the action happened *at* that place.
Szybki quiz
Pytanie 1 z 4
Jak powiedzieć «judge»? (koreański)
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