Translation and adaptation
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어휘
- traducción literalliteral translation
- adaptaciónadaptation
- localizaciónlocalization
- calco semánticosemantic calque
- falso amigofalse friend
- domesticacióndomestication
- extranjerizaciónforeignization
- equivalenciaequivalence
- transposicióntransposition
- modulaciónmodulation
- compensacióncompensation
- explicitaciónexplicitation
- transcreacióntranscreation
- subtitulaciónsubtitling
Translation and adaptation: challenges with Spanish
Translation to and from Spanish presents unique challenges related to the diversity of regional variants and the idiomatic richness of the language.
Translation approaches
- Traducción literal faithfully reproduces the structure of the source language, at the risk of producing an artificial text
- Domesticación adapts the text to the cultural norms of the target reader
- Extranjerización preserves the cultural otherness of the source text
- Transcreación goes beyond translation by recreating the message for a new audience
Translation techniques
- Transposición changes the grammatical category of a word while preserving meaning
- Modulación changes the point of view without altering the message
- Compensación compensates for a loss of meaning in one place with a gain elsewhere
- Explicitación makes explicit what is implicit in the source language
Common pitfalls
- Falsos amigos are words that look similar between two languages but have different meanings
- Calco semántico transposes a foreign structure or meaning that does not exist in Spanish
- Localización adapts a product to a specific market, beyond simple translation
- Subtitulación imposes length and synchronization constraints
표현
- La traducción pierde el matizThe translation loses the nuance
- Es un falso amigo entre ambas lenguasIt's a false friend between both languages
- Optar por una traducción libreTo opt for a free translation
- El calco suena artificialThe calque sounds artificial
- Adaptar el texto al público metaTo adapt the text for the target audience
- La localización exige saber culturalLocalization requires cultural knowledge
- Mantener el tono del originalTo maintain the tone of the original
자주 하는 실수
Traducir palabra por palabraTraducir palabra a palabraThe correct expression is "palabra a palabra" (word by word), not "por palabra"
Realizar la traducciónLlevar a cabo la traducciónIn professional register, "llevar a cabo" is more appropriate than "realizar" for a full translation
Un falso amigo entre español y francésUn falso amigo del español y el francésThe correct preposition is "del... y el...", not "entre... y..." for false friends
Adaptar al español de LatinoaméricaAdaptar al español latinoamericanoThe adjective "latinoamericano" is preferred over the phrase "de Latinoamérica"
Subtitular una películaSubtitular un filme / una películaIn translation studies, "filme" is often preferred over "película" in technical register
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