🇷🇺 러시아어 · A2 · Talking About the Past

What did you do yesterday?

읽는 데 6분 · past tense verbs (-л/-ла/-ло/-ли) · time expressions: вчера, на прошлой неделе

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어휘

вчераyesterday
на прошлой неделеlast week
вечеромin the evening
работал / работалаworked (m/f)
смотрел / смотрелаwatched (m/f)
готовил / готовилаcooked (m/f)
читал / читалаread (m/f)
гулял / гулялаwalked / strolled (m/f)
звонил / звонилаcalled (m/f)
отдыхал / отдыхалаrested (m/f)
убирал / убиралаtidied up (m/f)
учился / училасьstudied (m/f)

The Russian Past Tense

In Russian, the past tense is formed by replacing the verb infinitive ending -ть with a gender/number suffix. Unlike present tense, past tense agrees with the subject's gender, not person.

Regular past tense endings

я/ты/он (m) → -л → работал
я/ты/она (f) → -ла → работала
оно (n) → -ло → работало
мы/вы/они → -ли → работали
Я вчера работал. → I worked yesterday. (male speaker)
Она читала книгу. → She read a book.
Мы гуляли в парке. → We walked in the park.

Negation

Put не directly before the verb:

Я не работал вчера. → I didn't work yesterday.
Она не готовила. → She didn't cook.

Useful time expressions

вчера → yesterday
вчера вечером → yesterday evening
на прошлой неделе → last week
недавно → recently

표현

Что ты делал вчера?Asking what someone did yesterday (m)
Что ты делала вчера?Asking what someone did yesterday (f)
Я смотрел телевизор.Saying you watched TV (m)
Я никуда не ходила.Saying you didn't go anywhere (f)
Мы хорошо провели время.Saying you had a good time
Было очень интересно!Expressing it was very interesting
Я устал / устала.Saying you are tired (m/f)
Что случилось?Asking what happened

자주 하는 실수

~~Я работала вчера (said by a man)~~
Я работал вчера
Past tense in Russian agrees with the speaker's gender. Men use -л, women use -ла.
~~Вчера я работаю~~
Вчера я работал
вчера (yesterday) requires past tense, not present tense.
~~Я не работал не вчера~~
Я не работал вчера
Only one не is needed before the verb. вчера is a time expression, not negated.
~~Она работал весь день~~
Она работала весь день
The subject она is feminine, so the past verb must end in -ла.
~~Мы работала вместе~~
Мы работали вместе
With мы (we), use the plural ending -ли regardless of gender.
~~Что ты делать вчера?~~
Что ты делал вчера?
Use the past tense form of the verb, not the infinitive.

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