Reported speech
이 레슨은 아직 해당 언어로 제공되지 않아 영어로 표시돼요.
어휘
- twierdzićto claim/assert
- przyznaćto admit
- zaprzeczyćto deny
- ogłosićto announce
- potwierdzićto confirm
- odmówićto refuse
- skomentowaćto comment
- zacytowaćto quote
- oświadczyćto declare/state
- dodaćto add
Reported Speech in Polish
Polish reported speech uses że (that) and changes verb forms:
Direct to indirect speech:
- Direct: "Jestem zmęczony" = I am tired
- Indirect: Powiedział, że jest zmęczony = He said that he is tired
Key reporting verbs + że:
- Powiedział, że... = He/she said that...
- Twierdził, że... = He/she claimed that...
- Przyznał, że... = He/she admitted that...
- Ogłosił, że... = He/she announced that...
Reported questions use czy or question words:
- Zapytał, czy mam czas = He asked if I had time
- Chciała wiedzieć, kiedy przyjedziemy = She wanted to know when we would arrive
Tense shifts in Polish reported speech:
- Present → stays present: mówi → że mówi
- Past → stays past: powiedział → że powiedział
표현
- Minister powiedział, że planuje reformęSaying the minister said he plans a reform
- Prezydent ogłosił wyjazd za gran.Saying the president announced he will go abroad
- Dziennikarz zapytał, czy to prawdaSaying the journalist asked whether it was true
- Rzecznik zaprzeczył, że wiedział o tymSaying the spokesperson denied knowing about it
- Premier przyznał trudną sytuację.PM admitted the situation is difficult.
자주 하는 실수
Powiedział że jest zmęczonyPowiedział, że jest zmęczonyA comma is required before że in reported speech
Zapytał czy mam czasZapytał, czy mam czasA comma is required before czy in indirect questions
Powiedział, że będzie jutroPowiedział, że przyjedzie jutrobędzie alone is incomplete; use a specific verb like przyjechać for physical movement
짧은 퀴즈
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