Advanced Connectors
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어휘
- もっともhowever / although
- さりとてeven so / nevertheless
- いわんやlet alone / much less
- とはいえhaving said that
- それにしてもeven so / still
- したがってtherefore
- ゆえにtherefore (literary)
- にもかかわらずdespite / in spite of
- むしろrather / instead
- なおかつmoreover / and yet
Advanced Connectors in Japanese
At C1, mastering formal and literary connectors elevates your writing and formal speech beyond intermediate patterns.
もっとも adds a concession: "however" or "that said." It softens a previous strong statement.
彼は優秀だ。もっとも、経験はまだ浅い。
*He is excellent. However, his experience is still limited.*
さりとて is a literary connector meaning "even so" or "nevertheless." It is used in essays and formal writing.
問題は深刻だ。さりとて、諦めるわけにはいかない。
*The problem is serious. Even so, we cannot give up.*
いわんや means "let alone" or "much less." It emphasizes that if something is true in one case, it is even more so in another.
大人でも理解が難しい。いわんや子供をや。
*Even adults find it hard to understand, let alone children.*
These literary connectors appear frequently in editorials, academic papers, and formal speeches. While したがって and にもかかわらず are common in everyday formal writing, さりとて and いわんや signal true C1 mastery.
표현
- もっとも例外もあるHowever, there are exceptions
- さりとて放置できないEven so, we cannot ignore it
- いわんや初心者をやLet alone beginners
- 努力の結果、ゆえに成功したAs a result of effort, therefore succeeded
- にもかかわらず失敗したFailed despite everything
- むしろ逆の効果が出たRather, the opposite effect appeared
자주 하는 실수
もっともが例外もあるもっとも、例外もあるもっとも is an adverb/connector; it does not take が
さりとてもさりとてさりとて is the correct form; do not add も
いわんや子供はいわんや子供をやThe classical pattern requires をや at the end
ゆえで成功したゆえに成功したゆえ takes に, not で, as the connecting particle
関わらず失敗したにもかかわらず失敗したUse the full form にもかかわらず; do not drop にも
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