Academic Language
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어휘
- と言えようone could say that
- の観点からfrom the perspective of
- に基づいてbased on
- とは言い難いit is hard to say that
- を否定できないcannot be denied
- 推測されるit is inferred/presumed
- 蓋然性probability/likelihood
- 帰結consequence/conclusion
- 前提premise/precondition
- 含意implication
Academic Language: Hedging and Perspective
Academic Japanese demands a careful balance between assertion and hedging. Making claims too directly sounds arrogant; hedging too much sounds uncommitted.
と言えよう — Tentative Assertion
This literary volitional form adds scholarly distance:
- この結果は重要だと言えよう — "One could say this result is important"
の観点から — Framing Perspective
This signals the analytical lens being used:
- 経済学の観点から分析する — "To analyze from the perspective of economics"
Hedging Spectrum
From strongest to most hedged:
- ～である (assertion) > ～と考えられる (it is thought) > ～と推測される (it is inferred) > ～可能性がある (there is a possibility) > ～とは言い難い (it is hard to say)
Mastering this spectrum is what separates competent C1 writing from B2 writing. Each degree of hedging serves a different rhetorical purpose.
표현
- と言えようMake a tentative scholarly assertion
- の観点から言えばFrame analysis from a specific perspective
- に基づいて議論するArgue based on evidence or theory
- とは言い難い面があるPartially disagree with nuance
- を否定することはできないAcknowledge something cannot be denied
- と推測されるExpress an academic inference
자주 하는 실수
と言えるだろうと言えようIn formal academic writing, prefer the literary volitional よう over だろう.
の目からの観点からUse 観点 (perspective), not 目 (eye) for analytical framing.
基づくに基づいてUse the て-form に基づいて as a connector, not the dictionary form.
言い難いとは言い難いInclude とは before 言い難い for the full hedging structure.
否定する否定できないFor hedging, use 否定できない (cannot deny), not just 否定する.
짧은 퀴즈
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