Reading a Scientific Article
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어휘
- शोध-पत्रresearch paper
- सारabstract / summary
- पद्धतिmethodology
- निष्कर्षconclusion / findings
- परिकल्पनाhypothesis
- संदर्भreference / context
- समीक्षितpeer-reviewed
- अनुमानinference / estimate
Reading Academic Hindi: Nominalisations and Passive Structures
Academic Hindi is characterised by nominalisations and passive voice constructions. Understanding these is key to decoding scholarly texts.
Nominalisations (क्रिया से संज्ञा बनाना): Converting verbs to nouns is the hallmark of academic prose:
- जाँचना → जाँच (investigation)
- विश्लेषण करना → विश्लेषण (analysis)
- अन्वेषण करना → अन्वेषण (exploration/research)
- परीक्षण करना → परीक्षण (testing/examination)
Passive Constructions (कर्मवाच्य): Academic Hindi heavily favours passive to maintain objectivity:
- सक्रिय: शोधकर्ताओं ने आँकड़े एकत्र किए
- निष्क्रिय: आँकड़े एकत्र किए गए (Data were collected)
- अवैयक्तिक: यह देखा गया कि... (It was observed that...)
- यह पाया गया कि... (It was found that...)
- इस अध्ययन में प्रस्तुत किया गया है (It is presented in this study)
Key Academic Discourse Markers:
- उपर्युक्त (aforementioned), पूर्वोक्त (previously mentioned)
- तदनुसार (accordingly), अतः (therefore), इस प्रकार (thus)
- तथापि (nevertheless), यद्यपि...तथापि (although...nevertheless)
표현
- यह अध्ययन इस बात की पुष्टि करता हैThis study confirms that... (academic result re...
- उपर्युक्त तथ्यों के आधार परBased on the aforementioned facts (academic str...
- इस संदर्भ में यह उल्लेखनीय है किIt is noteworthy in this context that (academic...
- आगे के शोध की आवश्यकता हैFurther research is needed (academic limitation...
- यह परिणाम इस परिकल्पना का समर्थन करते...These results support this hypothesis (empirica...
- निम्नलिखित सीमाओं को स्वीकार किया जान...The following limitations should be acknowledged
자주 하는 실수
आँकड़े एकत्र किए (used as passive)आँकड़े एकत्र किए गएHindi passive requires गए/गई/गया after the past participle; without it, the sentence reads as active
यह अध्ययन देखता है कि...इस अध्ययन में देखा गया कि...Academic Hindi uses impersonal passive constructions, not personified subject-verb structures
हमने पाया कि... (in a formal paper)यह पाया गया कि...First-person plural is avoided in formal academic Hindi; impersonal passive maintains scholarly objectivity
जाँच करना की प्रक्रियाजाँच की प्रक्रियाAfter nominalisation (जाँच), use की not करना की; the verb form is redundant once nominalised
अतः इसलिएअतः / इसलिए (not both)अतः and इसलिए are synonyms meaning therefore; using both is redundant in academic writing
짧은 퀴즈
5문제 중 1번
«hypothesis»를 힌디어로 어떻게 말할까요?
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