🇮🇳 힌디어 · B2 · Law & Administration

The justice system

읽는 데 15분 · passive in the past · was convicted · had been acquitted

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어휘

न्यायJustice
अदालतCourt
न्यायाधीशJudge
वकीलLawyer
अभियुक्तAccused / Defendant
गवाहीTestimony
सज़ाPunishment / Sentence
ज़मानतBail
अपीलAppeal

The Justice System in Hindi

India has a complex judicial system and discussing it requires formal legal Hindi. At B2 level, you should understand key legal processes:

Court hierarchy:

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय (sarvochch nyaayaalay) — Supreme Court
उच्च न्यायालय (uchch nyaayaalay) — High Court
जिला न्यायालय (jilaa nyaayaalay) — District Court

Legal proceedings:

मुकदमा दायर करना (mukadmaa daayar karnaa) — to file a lawsuit
फैसला सुनाना (faislaa sunaanaa) — to deliver a verdict
बरी करना (baree karnaa) — to acquit

Passive constructions in legal context:

अभियुक्त को दोषी पाया गया (abhiyukt ko doshee paayaa gayaa) — "the accused was found guilty"
सज़ा सुनाई गई (sazaa sunaaee gaee) — "the sentence was pronounced"

Example: न्यायाधीश ने अभियुक्त को साक्ष्य के अभाव में बरी कर दिया।
(nyaayaadheeesh ne abhiyukt ko saakshya ke abhaav mein baree kar diyaa.)
"The judge acquitted the accused due to lack of evidence."

Note: Legal Hindi uses न्यायालय (nyaayaalay — formal) while everyday speech prefers अदालत (adaalat — Urdu-derived).

표현

मुकदमा दायर करनाTo file a lawsuit
ज़मानत पर रिहा होनाTo be released on bail
न्याय की माँग करनाTo demand justice
दोषी ठहराया जानाTo be found guilty
अपील दायर करनाTo file an appeal

자주 하는 실수

~~न्यायाधीश ने फैसला दिया~~
न्यायाधीश ने फैसला सुनाया
Verdicts are pronounced (सुनाना), not given (देना) in legal Hindi
~~अदालत में मुकदमा किया~~
अदालत में मुकदमा दायर किया
Lawsuits are filed (दायर करना), not just done (करना)
~~उसको सज़ा हुई थी~~
उसे सज़ा हुई थी
Use उसे (contracted dative) not उसको in formal legal context
~~गवाही को दिया गया~~
गवाही दी गई
गवाही is feminine — use दी गई, and no को needed

짧은 퀴즈

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