Nuancing your speech
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어휘
- die Nuancenuance/subtlety
- subtilsubtle
- eherrather/somewhat
- einigermaßento some extent
- vermutlichpresumably
- die Tendenztendency/trend
- zwaradmittedly/indeed
- dennochnevertheless
- hingegenon the other hand
- obgleichalthough (formal)
At B2 level, you need to go beyond simple statements and add nuance to your opinions. German offers several powerful structures for expressing concession and contrast.
Concession with "obwohl" + verb at end:
- *Obwohl es schwierig ist, mache ich weiter.* (Although it is difficult, I continue.)
- *Obwohl er recht hat, bin ich nicht einverstanden.* (Although he is right, I disagree.)
Contrast with "hingegen" and "dennoch":
- *Er ist optimistisch; die Lage hingegen ist ernst.* (He is optimistic; the situation, on the other hand, is serious.)
- *Es ist riskant. Dennoch lohnt es sich.* (It is risky. Nevertheless, it is worth it.)
Softening with "zwar... aber":
- *Zwar ist es teuer, aber die Qualität ist hervorragend.* (Admittedly it is expensive, but the quality is outstanding.)
Konjunktiv II for hypothetical nuance:
- *Wenn ich das gewusst hätte, hätte ich anders reagiert.* (If I had known that, I would have reacted differently.)
These structures allow you to present balanced arguments and sound more sophisticated in German.
표현
- Obwohl + Verb am EndeExpressing concession
- Trotz + GenitivDespite something
- Hingegen / DagegenContrasting two facts
- Zwar... aber...Admitting then countering
- Dennoch / NichtsdestotrotzNevertheless (formal)
- Obgleich + NebensatzAlthough (very formal)
- Es bleibt die Tatsache, dass...The fact remains that
- Einerseits... andererseits...On one hand... on the other...
자주 하는 실수
Obwohl es ist schwierigObwohl es schwierig istAfter obwohl, the conjugated verb must go to the end of the clause.
Trotz es regnetTrotz des RegensTrotz takes a genitive noun, not a clause. Use obwohl for clauses.
Zwar es ist gut. Aber es ist teuer.Zwar ist es gut, aber es ist teuer.Zwar triggers inversion (verb before subject) and forms one sentence with aber.
Er ist nett aber hingegen intelligentEr ist nett, hingegen sehr anspruchsvollHingegen introduces a contrasting idea, not a complementary one.
Obgleich er hat rechtObgleich er recht hatObgleich is a subordinating conjunction — the verb must go to the end.
짧은 퀴즈
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