Scientific discoveries
이 레슨은 아직 해당 언어로 제공되지 않아 영어로 표시돼요.
어휘
- de ontdekkingdiscovery
- het onderzoekresearch
- de wetenschapperscientist
- het experimentexperiment
- de hypothesehypothesis
- bewijzento prove
- de doorbraakbreakthrough
- de theorietheory
- het laboratoriumlaboratory
- de publicatiepublication
- de gegevensdata
- de uitvindinginvention
Present Perfect Passive: Is ontdekt
Scientific Dutch frequently uses the present perfect passive to report discoveries and findings.
Is/zijn + past participle (has been + past participle):
- Een nieuw medicijn is ontdekt. — A new medicine has been discovered.
- De resultaten zijn gepubliceerd. — The results have been published.
Er is/zijn introduces impersonal passive statements:
- Er is aangetoond dat de theorie klopt. — It has been demonstrated that the theory is correct.
- Er zijn nieuwe gegevens gevonden. — New data have been found.
Door introduces the agent (researcher/team):
- Het vaccin is ontwikkeld door een Nederlands team. — The vaccine was developed by a Dutch team.
In subordinate clauses, the participle and auxiliary cluster at the end:
- ...het medicijn dat in 2024 is ontdekt. — ...the medicine that was discovered in 2024.
- ...omdat de hypothese is bewezen. — ...because the hypothesis has been proven.
Scientific writing also uses men (one/they) for impersonal statements:
- Men heeft ontdekt dat... — It has been discovered that...
These passive structures give scientific Dutch its characteristic objective, impersonal tone.
표현
- Er is een doorbraak bereikt.A breakthrough has been achieved.
- De hypothese is bewezen.The hypothesis has been proven.
- Men heeft ontdekt dat...It has been discovered that...
- De resultaten zijn gepubliceerd.The results have been published.
- Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd door...The research was conducted by...
- Er zijn nieuwe gegevens gevonden.New data have been found.
자주 하는 실수
Een nieuw medicijn is ontdekt geworden.Een nieuw medicijn is ontdekt.In Dutch perfect passive, geworden is typically omitted — just is + past participle.
Er heeft aangetoond dat...Er is aangetoond dat...Impersonal passive uses er is (not er heeft) + past participle for this construction.
De resultaten hebben gepubliceerd.De resultaten zijn gepubliceerd.For passive, use zijn (not hebben) + past participle. Hebben would make it active voice.
Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd bij een team.Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd door een team.The agent in passive constructions is introduced with door (by), not bij.
Men hebben ontdekt dat...Men heeft ontdekt dat...Men is singular and takes heeft, not the plural hebben.
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