The right word
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词汇
- matiznuance
- sinonimiasynonymy
- antonimiaantonymy
- paronimiaparonymy
- homonimiahomonymy
- polisemiapolysemy
- hiperonimiahypernymy
- hiponimiahyponymy
- campo semánticosemantic field
- colocacióncollocation
- registroregister
- connotaciónconnotation
- denotacióndenotation
- precisión léxicalexical precision
The Right Word
Choosing the precise word is the supreme art of linguistic mastery:
- False synonyms: bonito/hermoso/bello/guapo/lindo are not interchangeable — each has nuances of register and contextual usage
- Collocations: certain combinations are fixed in Spanish (cometer un error, not hacer un error; prestar atención, not dar atención)
- Paronymy: paronyms trap even advanced learners (prever/proveer, aptitud/actitud, infectar/infestar)
- Polysemy: a word like muñeca means both doll and wrist — context determines meaning
- Registers: moving from fallecer (formal) to morir (standard) to palmar (colloquial) requires register awareness
- Hypernymy and hyponymy: knowing when to be general (vehículo) or specific (furgoneta, todoterreno) depending on context
- Connotation vs denotation: casa/hogar denote the same place but hogar connotes warmth and intimacy
表达
- La palabra exacta sería...The exact word would be...
- No es lo mismo decir X que YSaying X is not the same as saying Y
- Depende del registroIt depends on the register
- Tiene una connotación negativaIt has a negative connotation
- Son sinónimos parcialesThey are partial synonyms
- Se usa en un contexto formalIt is used in a formal context
- Es un término más precisoIt is a more precise term
常见错误
Hacer un errorCometer un errorThe correct collocation is 'cometer un error', not 'hacer' — it is a fixed support verb in Spanish
Es igual usar bonito o hermosoBonito y hermoso tienen matices distintos'Bonito' is more everyday and affectionate; 'hermoso' is more literary and grandiose
Prever significa proveerPrever es anticipar; proveer es suministrarThese are paronyms: prever = to foresee, proveer = to supply — watch for confusion
Hogar y casa son lo mismoHogar connota calidez; casa es neutro'Casa' is neutral (physical place), 'hogar' connotes warmth and family — important nuance
Realizar siempre significa hacerRealizar puede ser lograr o llevar a cabo'Realizar' is often used as an anglicism for 'to realize'; in Spanish it means to accomplish
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「polysemy」用西班牙语怎么说？
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