Writing poetry
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词汇
- versoverse, line
- estrofastanza
- rimarhyme
- sonetosonnet
- endecasílabohendecasyllable (11-syl.)
- alejandrinoalexandrine (14-syl.)
- octosílabooctosyllable (8-syl.)
- coplacopla (popular couplet)
- romanceromance (narrative poem)
- silvasilva (free form)
- liralira (5-line stanza)
- hemistiquiohemistich (half-line)
- cesuracaesura
- encabalgamientoenjambment
Spanish Poetic Forms
Spanish poetry has rich and codified metric forms that every C2 reader must know.
Verse and Meter
- Octosílabo (8 syllables): the most natural verse in Spanish, basis of the romance
- Endecasílabo (11 syllables): the noble verse par excellence, imported from Italy in the 16th century
- Alejandrino (14 syllables): two hemistichs of 7, used in mester de clerecía
- The cesura divides the verse into two hemistichs
Fixed Forms
- Soneto: 14 hendecasyllabic lines (2 quatrains + 2 tercets), rhyme ABBA ABBA CDC DCD
- Romance: octosyllables with assonant rhyme on even lines, no length limit
- Copla: octosyllabic quatrain, basis of popular poetry
- Lira: 5-line stanza (7-11-7-7-11), created by Garcilaso
- Silva: free mix of hendecasyllables and heptasyllables
Metric Phenomena
- Encabalgamiento: meaning overflows into the next line
- Sinalefa: vowel fusion between two words (counts as one syllable)
- Oxytone lines (+1 syllable), proparoxytone lines (-1 syllable) in the count
表达
- Que por mayo era, por mayoTraditional romance opening
- Con diez cañones por bandaEspronceda verse (Canción del pirata)
- Érase un hombre a una nariz pegadoQuevedo's satirical sonnet
- Nuestras vidas son los ríosJorge Manrique verse (Coplas)
- Poesía eres túBécquer verse (Rima XXI)
- Volverán las oscuras golondrinasOpening of Bécquer's Rima LIII
- Me gustas cuando callasNeruda verse (Poema 15)
常见错误
El soneto tiene 12 versosEl soneto tiene 14 versosA sonnet always has 14 lines: two quatrains and two tercets
El romance usa endecasílabosEl romance usa octosílabosThe romance uses octosyllables with assonant rhyme on even lines
La cesura divide la estrofaLa cesura divide el versoThe caesura divides a verse into hemistichs, not a stanza into parts
Encabalgamiento es una rimaEncabalgamiento es un desbordamiento del sentido al verso siguienteEnjambment is not a rhyme but the overflow of meaning from one line to the next
La lira tiene cuatro versosLa lira tiene cinco versosThe lira has five lines (7-11-7-7-11), created by Garcilaso de la Vega
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「hendecasyllable (11-syl.)」用西班牙语怎么说？
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