Social inequalities
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词汇
- disuguaglianzainequality
- divariogap / divide
- povertàpoverty
- privilegioprivilege
- discriminazionediscrimination
- sistemicosystemic
- accessoaccess
- opportunitàopportunity
- emarginatomarginalized
- riformareform
- divariogap / divide
- emarginazionemarginalization
- redditoincome
- privilegiatoprivileged
Social Inequalities: Advanced Passive in Italian
In Italian B2, the passive is constructed in several ways depending on the register and the desired tense.
Passive with essere (standard)
Il problema è stato ignorato per anni.
(The problem has been ignored for years.)
Passive with venire (punctual actions)
Venire replaces essere for simple forms (present, imperfect, future) to indicate an ongoing or repeated action.
Il problema viene affrontato dai politici.
(The problem is being addressed by politicians.)
I diritti dei lavoratori venivano spesso ignorati.
(Workers'' rights were often ignored.)
Progressive passive with stare + passive gerund
To express a passive action currently in progress:
La disuguaglianza sta essendo discussa a livello europeo.
(Inequality is being discussed at the European level.)
Impersonal passive with si
Very common in Italian to avoid the heavy passive:
Si parla molto di riforme, ma si fa poco.
(There is a lot of talk about reforms, but little is done.)
Stylistic note
The passive with venire is more dynamic than essere; it is preferred in journalistic texts and B2-level debates.
表达
- Fare i conti con...Acknowledge a reality difficult to ignore
- Lasciare indietroDescribe social exclusion
- A prescindere da...Argue without bias
- Livellare il campoPropose equal opportunity
- Rompere il soffitto di vetroTalk about invisible barriers
- Chi ha, ha; chi non ha, non haDescribe structural inequalities ironically
- La forbice si allargaDescribe a widening social gap
- Tirare avanti a stentoDescribe barely getting by financially
常见错误
Il problema viene stato ignorato.Il problema è stato ignorato.The compound passive uses essere + past participle, never venire + stato.
La diseguaglianza sta discussa.La disuguaglianza sta essendo discussa.The progressive passive requires stare + essendo + past participle, not stare directly followed by the participle.
Si fanno molte riforme.Si fa molto poco sulle riforme.The si-passive construction requires agreement in number: with a plural subject (riforme) you agree, but the intended meaning requires a different phrasing.
La povertà viene stata ignorata.La povertà è stata ignorata.Venire is never combined with stato/stata. Venire replaces essere only in simple tenses, not compound ones.
La gente sono poveri.La gente è povera.La gente is singular in Italian: agreement is singular feminine.
Ci sono molti di problemi.Ci sono molti problemi.Molti directly precedes the noun, without the preposition di.
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「income」用意大利语怎么说？
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