🇬🇧 英语 · C1 · 文体与语域
强调与焦点
词汇
- emphasis强调/重视
- highlight突出/强调
- precisely确切地/准确地
- specifically尤其/具体地
- crucially至关重要地/决定性地
- notably尤其/值得注意地
- particularly特别地
- remarkably显著地
- significantly显著地/大幅度地
- above all最重要的是
- underscore强调/凸显
- paramount至关重要的
- emphatically强烈地/明确地
- spotlight聚焦/聚光灯
强调与聚焦结构
在 C1 阶段,强调不只是语调问题;它还依靠复杂的语法结构,让读者或听者注意到特定信息。本节用中文讲解英语的强调与聚焦。
分裂句(cleft sentences)
分裂句会移动句子中的某个成分,使它获得最大强调。
It-cleft(最常见的结构):
- 结构:It is/was + 被强调成分 + who/that + 句子其余部分
- 例:It was the CEO who finally approved the budget.(最终批准预算的是 CEO。)
- 例:It is transparency that builds lasting trust.(建立长期信任的是透明度。)
What-cleft(伪分裂句):
- 结构:What + 从句 + is/was + 被强调成分
- 例:What I find most troubling is the lack of accountability.(我最担忧的是缺乏问责。)
- 例:What the data clearly shows is that consumer confidence has fallen.(数据清楚显示的是消费者信心下降。)
聚焦副词
这些副词无需改变句子结构,就能突出重点:
- Crucially, the evidence was never presented to the jury.(关键的是,证据从未提交给陪审团。)
- Notably, not a single dissenting voice was heard.(值得注意的是,没有听到任何异议。)
- Significantly, attendance doubled after the redesign.(重要的是,重新设计后出席人数翻了一倍。)
表达
- It is precisely because... that...以最大强调表达因果关系
- What strikes me most is...引出分析中最突出的要点
- Above all else, we must...有力地排列优先事项
- It cannot be overstated that...强调某一点极其重要
- What sets this apart is...突出某物的独特特征
- The key point here is...指出论证的核心信息
- Crucially, this means that...从事实中得出决定性结论
- Not only... but...双重强调两个相关要素
常见错误
It was John who he signed the contract.It was John who signed the contract.在 it-cleft 中,关系代词 who/that 已代替主语,不必重复 he。
What I need it is more time.What I need is more time.what-cleft 的结构是 What + 从句 + is + 被强调成分;不要在 is 前加 it。
It is importantly to note that...It is important to note that... / Importantly,...Importantly 是副词,不能直接放在 it is 后;此处用形容词 important,或把 importantly 放在句首。
Crucially the evidence shows the defendant guilty.Crucially, the evidence shows the defendant to be guilty.这里只缺少句首副词 Crucially 后的逗号。show + 宾语 + 形容词本身是正确的法律用语;to be 可以用,但并非必须。
What the report reveals it is a systematic failure.What the report reveals is a systematic failure.what-cleft 中,不能在关系从句的动词和 is 之间插入 it。
The most importantly factor is cost.The most important factor is cost.名词前用形容词 important,不用副词 importantly;副词修饰动词,不修饰名词。
小测验
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