🇬🇧 英语 · C1 · 哲学与批判性思维
表达不确定性
词汇
- speculative推测性的
- debatable有争议的
- ambiguous模糊的
- paradox悖论
- contingent取决于条件的
- provisional暂时的
- uncertain不确定的
- tentative暂定的／试探性的
- inconclusive无定论的
- complex复杂的／细致的
- conjecture推测
- equivocal含糊的
- hypothetical假设性的
- caveat保留意见／警告
掌握模糊限制语
中文和英语的学术表达都重视谨慎。英语的 hedging 用于表达怀疑、审慎或开放态度。
- might / may：This might explain the discrepancy.
- could：It could be argued that...
- would seem to：The data would seem to suggest...
常用表达：It remains to be seen whether...、The evidence is inconclusive.、This is, at best, a tentative conclusion.、It is debatable whether...
这不是软弱：英语中有分寸的限定能显示严谨与可信度。
表达
- It remains to be seen whether...表示结果尚不确定
- The data would seem to suggest...极谨慎地说明结论
- This is, at best, tentative.表示结论暂定
- It's debatable whether...说明问题仍可讨论
- That's speculative at this point.指出缺乏证据
- The jury is still out on whether...说明问题尚无定论
- This is, at most, an educated guess.限定估计的可靠程度
- One caveat worth noting is that...在结论前加入重要保留
常见错误
The results are not conclusiveThe results are inconclusiveInconclusive 是学术英语中更精确自然的术语。
I am not sure but I think it is trueIt would appear to be the case, though further evidence is needed学术英语避免直接个人化表达，更倾向正式限定。
Maybe it's true, maybe notIt remains to be seen whether this holds true该说法过于口语化；学术场景应使用限定表达。
I'm pretty sure this is probably correct.The evidence tentatively points in this direction.叠加不确定标记会削弱可信度；只选一个精确标记。
It might be true, or it might not. Who knows?The evidence is inconclusive, warranting further investigation.Who knows? 随意且不适合学术语境。
I can't say for certain, but I think it's probably around 50%.Based on the available data, I would estimate approximately 50%.多个限定语冗余；高级表达应简洁。
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「推测」用英语怎么说？
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