🇬🇧 英语 · C1 · 学术世界
学术语言
词汇
- lexical density词汇密度
- nominalisation名词化
- passive voice被动语态
- impersonal construction非人称结构
- cohesion device衔接手段
- discourse marker话语标记
- tense consistency时态一致性
- subordination从属结构
- paraphrase改述/释义
- signposting language篇章路标语言
- hedging模糊限制/缓和语气
- collocate搭配/与…搭配
- taxonomy分类体系/分类法
- extrapolate外推
英语学术语言：典型特征
学术英语有一种可辨识的风格，与日常英语差别很大。掌握这些特点是 C1 阶段的关键。本节用中文讲解英语学术语言。
1. 名词化： 把动词变为名词，使文本更正式、更紧凑。
- The government decided → The government's decision
- We analysed the data → The analysis of the data
2. 非人称被动： 它避免点明行为者，使语气更客观。
- It has been argued that... / It was found that...
3. 词汇密度： 用准确术语替代冗长说法。
- use → utilise / employ / deploy
- show → demonstrate / illustrate / indicate
4. 话语标记： 它们引导读者理解文本结构。
- Furthermore / Moreover（补充）— Nevertheless / Nonetheless（让步）— Consequently（结果）
5. 路标表达（signposting）： 明确预告文本的结构。
- This section examines... / The following chapter addresses...
表达
- It has been established that...用审慎语气引入已有科学共识的事实
- The findings suggest / indicate...呈现研究结果但不夸大其意义
- This section examines / explores...作为路标说明本节涵盖的内容
- In light of the evidence presented...参照已有证据作结论或总结
- Notwithstanding these limitations...正式让步，承认研究局限
- It would appear that...以学术上的审慎方式引入观察
- The data lends credence to the view that...以数据支持某种解释
- A nuanced reading of the evidence suggests...提出细致分析而非仓促结论
常见错误
As we all know, climate change is a big problem.Climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges of the contemporary era.As we all know 假定存在未被证明的共同知识，也过于口语化；改写后更准确、客观。
The results were very good and showed a lot of improvement.The results demonstrated substantial improvement across all measured parameters.Very good 和 a lot of 太笼统，应使用准确的形容词和数量表达。
I think this shows that the policy was wrong.This finding suggests that the policy may have been suboptimal in certain respects.I think 过于个人化；使用 suggests 和 hedging 能增强学术中立性。
In conclusion, we can say that our experiment worked.In conclusion, the experimental data lend support to the hypothesis that...Our experiment worked 太口语化且含义模糊；应明确说明实验结果支持了什么。
The research proves that the hypothesis is true.The research provides evidence in support of the hypothesis.学术写作中 proves 过于断言。应使用 provides evidence 或 supports，以保留科学不确定性。
There is a lot of data that shows this trend.There is a substantial body of data indicating this trend.A lot of 在学术语域中过于口语化；substantial body of data 更准确、更庄重。
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「时态一致性」用英语怎么说？
真正的英语导师在应用里
读只是开始 — Mio 是为练习而生的。应用里有网页做不到的一切：
- 对话
与 AI 导师真实的语音对话
- 听力
带理解题的短故事和对话
- 智能单词卡
在你快忘之前把单词推给你的间隔重复
- 你的教练 Mio
记录你的错误，围绕弱项排出每天的计划