🇬🇧 英语 · B2 · 书面表达
写结构化议论文
词汇
- thesis论文的中心论点
- argument论点
- evidence证据/例证
- counterpoint反方观点
- conclude总结
- introduction引言
- paragraph段落
- transition过渡词/衔接词
- develop展开论述
- support支撑/佐证
- coherent连贯的
- persuasive有说服力的
- outline提纲
- rhetorical修辞的
议论文的结构
一篇好的英语议论文通常有清晰的三段式结构：引言、正文和结论。本节用中文讲解英语写作。
1. 引言
- 用开头吸引读者注意
- 给出主题的总体背景
- 中心论点（thesis statement）：用一两句话表明你的立场
"While technology has transformed modern life, its impact on privacy raises serious concerns."
2. 正文段落（body paragraphs）
每个段落可遵循 PEEL 结构：
- Point：核心观点
- Evidence：例子或数据
- Explanation：说明它如何支撑你的论点
- Link：过渡到下一段
实用的过渡词
- 补充：Furthermore, In addition, Moreover
- 对比：However, On the other hand, Nevertheless
- 举例：For example, For instance, To illustrate
- 总结：Therefore, Thus, In conclusion, To sum up
3. 结论
- 概括关键观点
- 换一种说法重申中心论点，而不是照抄
- 延伸到更广的视角或提出问题
不要在学术英语作文开头直接写 "I think..." 或 "In my opinion..."；先交代背景。
表达
- This essay will argue that...清晰引出文章的中心论点
- Furthermore, this is supported by...用证据补充一个论点
- However, critics argue that...委婉引入反方观点
- In conclusion, it is clear that...开启结论并重申论点
- To illustrate this point...引入支持观点的具体例子
- On the other hand,...标示转向相反的观点
- To sum up引入总结或结论
- On the one hand... on the other hand呈现论点的两个相反方面
常见错误
In my opinion, I think that social media is bad.Social media has been shown to have negative effects on...学术英语中应避免 'In my opinion, I think' 这样的双重表达。改用更客观、非个人化的说法。
This proves that my thesis is right.This supports the argument that... / This suggests that...'Proves' 在学术语境中过于绝对。用 'supports'、'suggests' 或 'indicates' 保持审慎。
In conclusion, I talked about three things.In conclusion, this essay has argued that...结论不应复述你说过什么，而应简明地重申中心论点及论据。
In one hand, this is good; in other hand, it is bad.On the one hand, this is good; on the other hand, it is bad.固定搭配是 on the one hand... on the other hand。
Firstly, I will talk about the environment. Secondly, I will talk about economy.Firstly, I will discuss the environment. Secondly, I will discuss the economy.正式文章中用 discuss，不用 talk about；economy 前也需要冠词 the。
In conclusion, I think that pollution is bad. We should to protect nature.In conclusion, I think that pollution is harmful. We should protect nature.Should 后接不带 to 的动词原形。bad 过于口语化，harmful 更恰当。
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「段落」用英语怎么说？
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