🇬🇧 英语 · A2 · Travel & Transport

At the airport

阅读 6 分钟 · must / have to (rules and obligations) · procedural vocabulary

词汇

check in办理登机手续
boarding pass登机牌
departure出发
arrival到达
gate登机口
security安检
customs海关
hand luggage随身行李
flight航班
delayed延误的
terminal航站楼
announcement广播通知
conveyor belt传送带
passport control边检，护照查验

Must / Have to —— 表达「必须」

机场规矩多，正好用来练 must 和 have to。

Must → 出于自身判断，或者很强的规定

You must show your passport at the border. → 过关时必须出示护照。
Passengers must arrive 2 hours before departure. → 旅客必须提前两小时到达。

Have to → 来自外部的规定、流程、现实需要

I have to take off my shoes at security. → 过安检时我得脱鞋。
She has to check in online before the flight. → 她得在起飞前网上值机。

主要差别

Must = 要求来自说话人自己，或是一条硬性规定。
Have to = 要求来自外部（制度、流程）。

实际使用中，两者常常可以互换。

Must not 和 don't have to —— 最关键的一组

中文的「不能」和「不用」只差一个字，英语却是两个完全不同的结构，说反了意思正好相反：

You must not use your phone during takeoff. → 起飞时不能用手机。（禁止）
You don't have to pay for water. → 水不用付钱。（没必要，并不是禁止）

表达

Can I see your boarding pass?索取登机牌
You have to go to gate B12告诉旅客去哪个登机口
All passengers must go through security宣布一条强制规定
Is the flight on time?确认航班是否准点
The flight is slightly delayed告知航班稍有延误
Your luggage is overweight提醒行李超重
Where can I collect my luggage?询问在哪里取行李
I'd like a window seat, please要一个靠窗的座位

常见错误

~~You don't have to smoke here~~
You must not smoke here
don't have to 表示「不必」；表示禁止要用 must not / mustn't。
~~She must to show her passport~~
She must show her passport
must 后面直接跟动词原形，不加 to。
~~I have must arrive early~~
I have to arrive early
have to 是固定搭配，中间不能插进 must。
~~You must not to use your phone~~
You must not use your phone
must not 后面同样是动词原形，不加 to。
~~You mustn't forget your passport~~
You must not forget your passport
mustn't 表示禁止；这里是强烈提醒，两种写法都行，must not 更清楚。
~~Passengers should to arrive 2 hours early~~
Passengers should arrive 2 hours early
should 后面跟动词原形，不加 to。

小测验

第 1 题，共 5 题

「边检，护照查验」用英语怎么说？

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