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词汇

• 航天器spacecraft
• 卫星satellite
• 轨道orbit
• 宇宙飞船spaceship
• 宇航员astronaut / taikonaut
• 发射to launch
• 太阳系solar system
• 黑洞black hole
• 探测器probe / detector
• 载人航天crewed spaceflight

表达

• 中国成功实现了首次月球背面软着陆Highlighting a historic first in Chinese space exploration
• 该探测器已成功进入预定轨道并开始工作Reporting that a probe has entered its designated orbit and begun operations
• 这是人类首次在火星表面发现液态水的迹象Describing a landmark scientific discovery on Mars
• 载人航天任务对宇航员的身体素质要求极高Discussing the physical requirements for crewed spaceflight missions
• 此次发射标志着中国航天事业进入新阶段Marking a new milestone in a national space program
• 该卫星将用于气象观测和通信中继Explaining the designated purpose of a newly launched satellite

常见错误

• ✗中国第一次成功地把一个火箭送上天。
  ✓中国成功发射了一枚新型运载火箭。

  第一次 needs context; 首次 is the proper formal term for historic firsts in news/science language; 把…送上天 is colloquial — 发射 is the correct technical verb for launching rockets

• ✗那个卫星离地球三万六千公里。
  ✓该卫星距离地球约三万六千公里。

  那个 is informal — 该 is used formally; 距离 is the correct verb for physical distances; 约 (approximately) is required when stating measured approximations

• ✗这个发现改变了我们关于宇宙的知识。
  ✓这一发现颠覆了人类对宇宙的认知。

  改变…知识 is awkward — 颠覆…认知 means to overturn understanding which is the proper academic expression for paradigm-shifting discoveries

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