🇵🇹 portugalski · B2 · Advanced Communication

Nuancing your speech

7 min czytania · embora + conjuntivo, apesar de, no entanto · concessão e oposição

Ta lekcja nie jest jeszcze dostępna w twoim języku — pokazujemy ją po angielsku.

Słownictwo

matiznuance/shade
subtilsubtle
antesrather/instead
de certo modoin a way
sem dúvidawithout a doubt
tendênciatendency/trend
decertocertainly/surely
contudohowever/nevertheless
em contrapartidaon the other hand
conquantoalthough/even though
porémhowever/but
não obstantenotwithstanding

At B2 level, you need to go beyond simple statements and add nuance to your opinions. Portuguese offers several structures for expressing concession and opposition.

Concession with "embora" + subjunctive Use embora followed by the present subjunctive to acknowledge a point while maintaining your position: Embora ele tenha razão, não concordo com o método.

Opposition with "contudo", "porém", "no entanto" These formal connectors introduce a contrast: O projeto é ambicioso; contudo, falta financiamento.

"Conquanto" and "não obstante" These elevated register words add sophistication: Conquanto a economia cresça, as desigualdades persistem. Use não obstante as a more formal alternative to "apesar disso."

Softening with "de certo modo", "antes" Hedge your statements: De certo modo, a situação melhorou. Use antes to mean "rather": Não é preguiça, antes uma falta de motivação.

Zwroty

Embora + conjuntivoExpressing concession
Apesar de + noun/infinitiveDespite something
Contudo / No entantoContrasting two facts
Conquanto + conjuntivoAlthough (formal register)
De certo modoSoftening a statement
Não obstanteNotwithstanding (very formal)

Typowe błędy

~~Embora ele tem razão~~
Embora ele tenha razão
Embora always requires the subjunctive, not the indicative.
~~Apesar de chove~~
Apesar de chover
Apesar de is followed by a noun or infinitive, not a conjugated verb.
~~Contudo ele é simpático e inteligente~~
É difícil, contudo possível
Contudo introduces contrast, not addition.
~~Conquanto ele tem experiência~~
Conquanto ele tenha experiência
Conquanto requires the subjunctive, like embora.
~~Não obstante de isso~~
Não obstante isso
Não obstante is not followed by de; it directly precedes the noun.

Szybki quiz

Pytanie 1 z 5

Jak powiedzieć «without a doubt»? (portugalski)

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