Formal vs Informal Speech
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Słownictwo
- 존댓말polite/formal speech
- 반말informal/plain speech
- 격식체formal register
- 비격식체informal register
- 화자speaker
- 청자listener/hearer
- 맥락context
- 어투tone of speech
- 경어honorific language
- 하대말speech to inferiors
In Korean, choosing the right speech level is essential for social harmony. 존댓말 (polite speech) uses endings like -습니다/ㅂ니다 (formal) or -아요/어요 (informal polite), while 반말 uses plain endings like -아/어 or -(으)ㄴ다.
You switch registers based on age, social rank, and relationship closeness. With strangers or superiors, always use 존댓말. With close friends or younger people, 반말 is natural once permission is established.
The key is reading the 맥락 (context): a job interview demands strict formal speech (격식체), while chatting with a close colleague might allow informal polite speech. Switching incorrectly can seem rude or overly stiff. Practice by noticing which endings native speakers use in dramas and real conversations.
Zwroty
- 안녕하세요, 처음 뵙겠습니다Formal greeting: Hello, nice to meet you
- 어떻게 지내셨어요?Formal: How have you been?
- 잘 지냈어, 너는?Informal: I was fine, and you?
- 죄송합니다만, 부탁드려도 될까요?Formal request: Excuse me, may I ask a favor?
- 야, 그거 알아?Informal: Hey, do you know that?
- 감사합니다, 도움이 많이 됐습니다Formal thanks: Thank you, it was very helpful
- 고마워, 덕분에 살았어Informal thanks: Thanks, you saved me
Typowe błędy
선생님한테 야, 밥 먹었어?라고 했어요선생님께 식사하셨어요?라고 했어요Using 반말 with a teacher is very rude; use 께 and honorific verbs
회의에서 이거 어떻게 해?라고 물었어회의에서 이것을 어떻게 하면 될까요?라고 물었어요Meetings require formal polite speech, not casual 반말
처음 만난 사람한테 바로 반말을 썼어요처음 만난 사람한테는 존댓말을 먼저 써야 해요Always start with 존댓말 with strangers; switch only when both parties agree
이메일에서 잘 있었어?라고 썼어요이메일에서 잘 지내셨나요?라고 써야 해요Written professional communication requires formal polite endings
부모님께 나 배고파라고 했어부모님께 배가 고파요 / 배고프다고 했어With parents, 존댓말 is expected in most families; plain form without 요 can seem blunt
Szybki quiz
Pytanie 1 z 5
Jak powiedzieć «formal register»? (koreański)
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