Literary analysis
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어휘
- metáforametaphor
- metonimiametonymy
- sinécdoquesynecdoche
- hipérbatonhyperbaton
- anáforaanaphora
- prosopopeyapersonification
- elipsisellipsis
- oxímoronoxymoron
- antítesisantithesis
- aliteraciónalliteration
- símilsimile
- alegoríaallegory
- perífrasisperiphrasis, circumlocution
- pleonasmopleonasm, redundancy
Rhetorical Figures in Spanish Literature
Spanish literature employs a rich array of rhetorical figures that every C2 speaker must recognize and analyze.
Figures of Meaning
- Metáfora: direct identification ("sus ojos son soles" — her eyes are suns)
- Símil: comparison with "como" ("sus ojos brillan como soles")
- Metonimia: replacement by contiguity ("leyó a Cervantes" = his works)
- Sinécdoque: the part for the whole ("tiene quince primaveras" = years)
Figures of Construction
- Hipérbaton: alteration of natural word order ("del salón en el ángulo oscuro")
- Anáfora: repetition at the beginning of verses or clauses
- Elipsis: omission of elements understood from context
- Pleonasmo: expressive redundancy ("lo vi con mis propios ojos")
Figures of Thought
- Antítesis: opposition of concepts ("es tan corto el amor y tan largo el olvido")
- Oxímoron: union of opposites ("música callada" — silent music)
- Prosopopeya: personification of objects or abstractions
- Alegoría: extended metaphor across an entire text
Figures of Sound
- Aliteración: repetition of consonant sounds
- Perífrasis: expressing in many words what could be said in one
표현
- El autor recurre a...The author resorts to...
- Se pone de manifiestoIt becomes evident that...
- A modo de conclusiónBy way of conclusion
- En el marco de esta obraWithin the framework of this work
- Cabe destacar queIt is worth noting that
- El texto pone de relieveThe text highlights
- A lo largo de la obraThroughout the work
자주 하는 실수
Es una metáfora como el solEs un símil: brilla como el solIf "como" is used, it is a simile, not a metaphor; metaphor is direct identification
La metonimia es una sinécdoqueLa metonimia y la sinécdoque son figuras distintasMetonymy (contiguity) and synecdoche (part/whole) are different figures
El hipérbaton es un pleonasmoEl hipérbaton es una alteración del orden sintácticoHyperbaton alters word order; pleonasm is semantic redundancy — they are distinct
La prosopopeya es una alegoríaLa prosopopeya es una personificaciónPersonification gives human traits to objects; allegory is an extended metaphor — distinct figures
Tiene una elipsis de palabrasTiene una elipsisEllipsis already implies omission of words; adding de palabras is an unintentional pleonasm
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