🇪🇸 스페인어 · A2 · Talking About the Past

What did you do yesterday?

읽는 데 5분 · regular preterite (-é, -aste, -ó) · time markers: yesterday, last week

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어휘

ayeryesterday
la semana pasadalast week
trabajéI worked
juguéI played
viI saw / I watched
comíI ate
fuiI went
hiceI did / I made
compréI bought
llaméI called

The Pretérito Indefinido (Simple Past)

To talk about completed actions in the past, Spanish uses the pretérito indefinido. For regular verbs, you remove the infinitive ending and add these endings:

Regular -AR verbs (hablar)

yo hablé → I spoke
tú hablaste → you spoke
él/ella habló → he/she spoke

Regular -ER/-IR verbs (comer / vivir)

yo comí / viví → I ate / I lived
tú comiste / viviste → you ate / you lived
él/ella comió / vivió → he/she ate / he/she lived

Example: "Ayer trabajé mucho." → "Yesterday I worked a lot."
Example: "La semana pasada comí paella." → "Last week I ate paella."

Time Markers

These words signal the past tense:

ayer → yesterday
la semana pasada → last week
el mes pasado → last month
anoche → last night

Tip: In Spanish the accent mark on the ending (-é, -ó) is essential — it distinguishes the past tense from the present.

표현

Ayer trabajé todo el día.Saying what you did yesterday
La semana pasada fui al cine.Talking about last week
¿Qué hiciste ayer?Asking someone about their day
Compré un regalo para mi madre.Describing a purchase
Llamé a mi amigo por teléfono.Talking about a phone call
Vi una película muy buena.Describing entertainment
Comí en un restaurante nuevo.Talking about eating out
Jugué al fútbol con mis amigos.Describing an activity

자주 하는 실수

~~Ayer yo trabajo mucho.~~
Ayer yo trabajé mucho.
When talking about the past with ayer, you must use the pretérito indefinido, not the present tense.
~~La semana pasada como paella.~~
La semana pasada comí paella.
The present tense como does not match the past time marker la semana pasada. Use comí.
~~Yo jugé al fútbol.~~
Yo jugué al fútbol.
Jugar has a spelling change: g → gu before é to preserve the hard g sound.
~~Yo hací los deberes.~~
Yo hice los deberes.
Hacer is irregular in the pretérito indefinido. The first person is hice, not hací.
~~Ayer yo soy muy feliz.~~
Ayer yo fui muy feliz.
Ser in the past uses fui/fue, not the present tense soy.

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