🇩🇪 독일어 · B2 · Society & Global Issues

Social inequalities

읽는 데 15분 · Erweitertes Partizip · die von der Regierung beschlossene Maßnahme

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어휘

die Ungleichheitinequality
die Kluftgap/divide
die Armutpoverty
das Privilegprivilege
die Diskriminierungdiscrimination
systemischsystemic
der Zugangaccess
die Chanceopportunity
ausgegrenztmarginalized
die Reformreform

Discussing social issues in German requires the extended participial attribute (erweitertes Partizip), a structure that is much more common in written German than in English.

Basic participial attribute:

*die beschlossene Maßnahme* (the decided measure)

Extended participial attribute:

*die von der Regierung beschlossene Maßnahme* (the measure decided by the government)
*die seit Jahren diskutierte Reform* (the reform discussed for years)
*der immer größer werdende Unterschied* (the ever-growing difference)

How to build it: The participle + all its modifiers go before the noun, between the article and the noun:

Article + [extensions + participle] + noun
*die* [*von vielen Experten kritisierte*] *Politik* (the policy criticised by many experts)

Present vs. past participle:

Present (active): *die wachsende Kluft* (the growing gap)
Past (passive): *die ausgegrenzten Gruppen* (the marginalized groups)

This structure is essential for understanding German newspaper articles and formal texts about social topics.

표현

die von der Regierung beschlossene MaßnahmeExtended participial attribute
der immer größer werdende UnterschiedGrowing trend description
Es besteht ein dringender Handlungsbedarf.Urgent need for action
Die Schere zwischen Arm und ReichThe gap between rich and poor
Chancengleichheit schaffenCreating equal opportunities
Von Diskriminierung betroffen seinBeing affected by discrimination
Maßnahmen ergreifenTaking measures
Gegen Ungleichheit vorgehenTaking action against inequality

자주 하는 실수

~~die von der Regierung Maßnahme beschlossene~~
die von der Regierung beschlossene Maßnahme
The participle must come directly before the noun, with extensions before the participle.
~~die diskutierende Reform~~
die diskutierte Reform
Use Partizip II (past participle) for passive meaning: the reform being discussed, not discussing.
~~der wachsend Unterschied~~
der wachsende Unterschied
The participle must take an adjective ending: wachsende (not wachsend).
~~die seit Jahren diskutiert Reform~~
die seit Jahren diskutierte Reform
The participle needs an adjective ending to agree with the noun.
~~Es besteht einen Handlungsbedarf~~
Es besteht ein Handlungsbedarf
Bestehen takes nominative: ein Handlungsbedarf (not accusative einen).

짧은 퀴즈

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