Advanced Connectors
이 레슨은 아직 해당 언어로 제공되지 않아 영어로 표시돼요.
어휘
- en outrefurthermore/moreover
- par conséquentconsequently/therefore
- quoiquealthough/even though
- ainsithus/so
- à savoirnamely/that is
- néanmoinsnevertheless
- désormaisfrom now on/henceforth
- en vertu deby virtue of
- dans la mesure oùinsofar as/to the extent that
- nonobstantnotwithstanding
Advanced connectors (*connecteurs logiques du registre soutenu*) are essential for structuring complex arguments in formal French writing and speech.
Concession and opposition:
- *Nonobstant* — Despite/Notwithstanding: *Nonobstant les difficultés, le projet a abouti.* (Despite the difficulties, the project succeeded.)
- *Quoique* + subjunctive — Although: *Quoique ce soit difficile, j'y parviendrai.* (Although it is difficult, I will succeed.)
- *Néanmoins* — Nevertheless: *Le budget est limité ; néanmoins, nous avancerons.* (The budget is limited; nevertheless, we will move forward.)
Cause and consequence:
- *De ce fait* — As a result: *Il a démissionné ; de ce fait, le poste est vacant.* (He resigned; as a result, the position is vacant.)
- *Par conséquent* — Consequently: *Les ventes ont chuté, par conséquent nous devons restructurer.* (Sales dropped, consequently we must restructure.)
- *En vertu de* — By virtue of: *En vertu de la loi, cette pratique est interdite.* (By virtue of the law, this practice is prohibited.)
Addition and precision:
- *En outre* — Furthermore: *En outre, cette mesure réduira les coûts.* (Furthermore, this measure will reduce costs.)
- *À savoir* — Namely: *Deux conditions sont requises, à savoir l'âge et l'expérience.* (Two conditions are required, namely age and experience.)
- *Dans la mesure où* — Insofar as: *Dans la mesure où les résultats le permettent, nous poursuivrons.* (Insofar as the results allow, we will continue.)
Time and evolution:
- *Désormais* — From now on/Henceforth: *Désormais, les réunions seront hebdomadaires.* (Henceforth, meetings will be weekly.)
- *Ainsi* — Thus/Therefore: *Ainsi, nous pouvons conclure que...* (Thus, we can conclude that...)
표현
- En outre, il convient de noter que...Furthermore, it should be noted that...
- Par conséquent, nous proposons de...Consequently, we propose to...
- Quoiqu'il en soit, c'est décidé.Be that as it may, the decision is made.
- Ainsi, il apparaît clairement que...Thus, it clearly appears that...
- À savoir que les conditions...Namely, the following conditions apply.
- Néanmoins, des réserves subsistent.Nevertheless, some reservations remain.
- Désormais, cette règle sera en vigueur.Henceforth, this rule will be in effect.
- En vertu de l'article 5, c'est légal.By virtue of Article 5, this measure is legal.
- Dans la mesure où c'est possible...Insofar as it is possible, we will act.
- Nonobstant ces objections...Despite objections, the plan stands.
자주 하는 실수
Nonobstant de les difficultés...Nonobstant les difficultés...Nonobstant is a preposition used directly before a noun — no de is needed.
Quoique c'est difficile...Quoique ce soit difficile...Quoique always requires the subjunctive mood.
En outre de cela...En outre, ...En outre stands alone as a connector; it is not followed by de.
Par conséquent de cette décision...Par conséquent, cette décision...Par conséquent is an adverbial connector and is not followed by de.
Dans la mesure que...Dans la mesure où...The correct preposition is où, not que. This is a fixed expression.
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