Expressing attitude & stance
이 레슨은 아직 해당 언어로 제공되지 않아 영어로 표시돼요.
어휘
- helaasunfortunately/regrettably
- gelukkigfortunately/luckily
- vanzelfsprekendself-evidently/of course
- terechtrightly/justifiably
- onterechtunjustly/wrongly
- begrijpelijkerwijsunderstandably
- merkwaardig genoegremarkably enough
- verbazingwekkendastonishingly
- toegegevenadmittedly
- nota benemind you/no less
- al met alall in all/all things consider
- kortomin short/in a word
Expressing Attitude & Stance
Stance adverbs (*houdings-bijwoorden*) reveal the speaker's personal evaluation. They frame entire sentences, showing whether the speaker finds something fortunate, regrettable, surprising, or expected.
Evaluative stance markers judge events: *helaas* (unfortunately) and *gelukkig* (fortunately) are the most common. *Terecht* (rightly) and *onterecht* (wrongly) pass moral judgment: *Hij werd terecht ontslagen* (He was rightly dismissed).
Evidential stance markers indicate how the speaker knows: *klaarblijkelijk* (evidently), *kennelijk* (apparently — from signs), *onmiskenbaar* (unmistakably). Each signals a different type of evidence.
Concessive stance shows the speaker acknowledges counter-arguments: *toegegeven* (admittedly), *weliswaar* (granted/to be sure). These create sophisticated argumentation: *Toegegeven, het is duur, maar de kwaliteit is uitstekend* (Admittedly, it is expensive, but the quality is excellent).
Nota bene (abbreviated NB) adds indignant emphasis: *En nota bene de voorzitter zelf!* (And the chairman himself, no less!). It highlights irony or outrage.
Summary stance wraps up evaluation: *al met al* (all in all), *per saldo* (on balance), *kortom* (in short). These signal the speaker is drawing a conclusion from multiple considerations.
The position of stance adverbs matters: sentence-initial creates stronger emphasis than mid-sentence.
표현
- Helaas moet ik u mededelen datUnfortunately I must inform you that
- Terecht wordt er gevraagd omRightly, there are calls for
- Weliswaar is het complex, maarGranted it is complex, but
- En dat nota bene op maandagAnd that on a Monday, no less
- Al met al een geslaagd projectAll in all a successful project
- Kortom, het kan niet zo doorgaanIn short, this cannot continue
자주 하는 실수
Gelukkig genoeg, het ging goedGelukkig ging het goedGelukkig does not need genoeg; also, inversion follows sentence-initial adverbs
Weliswaar het is complexWeliswaar is het complexAfter weliswaar, subject-verb inversion is required
Kort gezegd is het klaarKortom, het is klaar / Kort gezegd is het klaarKort gezegd requires inversion; kortom can stand alone with comma
Hij is terechte ontslagenHij is terecht ontslagenTerecht is an adverb (no -e); terechte would be an adjective form
Nota bene: hij kwam nietEn nota bene, hij kwam nietIn Dutch, nota bene is used mid-sentence for emphasis, not as a heading
짧은 퀴즈
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