🇳🇱 네덜란드어 · C1 · Modal Particles

Nog, Al & Pas

읽는 데 5분 · temporal-modal particles nog (still, yet), al (already), pas (only just, not until)

이 레슨은 아직 해당 언어로 제공되지 않아 영어로 표시돼요.

어휘

nogstill / yet / more / another
alalready / as early as
pasonly just / not until
nog steedsstill (emphatic)
al langfor a long time already
pas laternot until later
nog nietnot yet
alweeronce again / already again
nóg een keerone more time
het tijdstipthe point in time

The particles nog, al, and pas express temporal relationships and speaker attitude. Their usage often trips up advanced learners because they interact with each other.

*Nog* (still, yet, another):

Still: *Hij werkt nog.* (He is still working.)
Yet (negative): *Hij is nog niet klaar.* (He is not ready yet.)
Another/more: *Wil je nog koffie?* (Would you like more coffee?)

*Al* (already):

Already: *Hij is al klaar.* (He is already done.)
As early as: *Al in de jaren tachtig...* (As early as the eighties...)
Reassurance: *Het komt al goed.* (It will be fine / things are getting better.)

*Pas* (only, not until, just):

Only just: *Hij is pas aangekomen.* (He only just arrived.)
Not until: *Het begint pas om acht uur.* (It does not start until eight.)
Only (surprisingly late/few): *Ze is pas twintig.* (She is only twenty.)

Nog vs al: *Is hij al klaar?* (already done?) vs *Is hij nog bezig?* (still busy?) — opposite expectations. Al vs pas: *Hij is al twintig.* (already twenty — time flies) vs *Hij is pas twintig.* (only twenty — still young).

표현

Hij is nog niet klaar.He is not ready yet.
Ben je al klaar?Are you already done?
Het begint pas om acht uur.It doesn't start until eight.
Wil je nog koffie?Would you like more coffee?
Ze is pas twintig.She is only twenty.
Hij is al twintig.He is already twenty.

자주 하는 실수

~~Hij is pas niet klaar.~~
Hij is nog niet klaar.
Not yet uses nog niet, not pas niet.
~~Hij is nog klaar.~~
Hij is al klaar.
Already done is al klaar; nog klaar does not exist in this meaning.
~~Ze is al twintig (meaning young).~~
Ze is pas twintig.
Al implies already (time flies); pas implies only (still young).
~~Wil je meer koffie?~~
Wil je nog koffie?
Nog is the natural particle for more/another in offering contexts.
~~Het begint al om acht uur.~~
Het begint pas om acht uur.
Pas means not until (later than expected); al means already (earlier than expected).

짧은 퀴즈

5문제 중 1번

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