Academic writing & essays
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어휘
Academic Writing and Essay Composition
Chinese academic writing has its own conventions, which differ markedly from casual composition. C2 requires mastery of these norms.
Essay structure (论文结构):
- 引言 (introduction): state the topic, research gap, and thesis
- 正文 (body): develop arguments with evidence, use logical transitions
- 结论 (conclusion): synthesize findings, implications, further research
Key academic transitions:
- 综上所述，… (to sum up the above…)
- 值得指出的是，… (it is worth noting that…)
- 与此同时，… (at the same time…)
- 尽管如此，… (even so / nevertheless…)
- 由此可见，… (from this we can see that…)
Hedging and precision:
- 在一定程度上 (to a certain extent)
- 不无道理 (not without reason / has some merit)
- 有待进一步研究 (requires further research)
Citation language: 根据X的研究… / 正如X所言… / X指出…
표현
- 综上所述，本文认为语言与思维相互塑造、不可分割Standard academic conclusion opener combining 综上所述 with a thesis restatement.
- 值得指出的是，现有研究对这一维度尚未给予足够关注Identifying a research gap to justify a study.
- 本研究的不足之处在于样本规模有限，有待进一步验证Standard hedging in academic conclusions.
- 正如X所言，语言不仅是交流工具，更是思维的载体Integrating a citation smoothly into an argument.
자주 하는 실수
我认为这个观点是对的，因为很多人都这样说本文认为这一观点具有一定合理性，但尚需实证数据加以佐证我认为 is too informal for academic writing; use 本文认为 or 笔者认为. 因为很多人都这样说 is an appeal to popularity fallacy; replace with a call for empirical evidence using 尚需实证数据加以佐证.
根据上面说的，我们可以得出结论综上所述，由此可以得出以下结论上面说的 is colloquial; 综上所述 is the standard academic transition. 我们 is overly casual; the construction 由此可以得出 is appropriately impersonal.
这篇文章写的非常好，证明了这个理论是正确的这项研究为该理论提供了有力的实证支持写的非常好 is evaluative and informal; the sentence must focus on research contribution rather than praise. 证明了…是正确的 overstates certainty; 提供了有力的实证支持 is appropriately hedged.
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