Advanced Connectors
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어휘
- 连接词connective / linking word
- 递进progressive
- 转折contrast / adversative turn
- 让步concession
- 因果cause and effect
- 假设hypothesis / conditional
- 总结summary / conclusion
- 衔接cohesion / smooth connection
Advanced Connectives in Chinese
At C1, connectives must do more than link sentences — they shape logic, register, and flow. Here are key categories:
Additive / progressive (递进):
- 不仅……而且…… — not only... but also...
- 甚至 — even (escalation)
- 更重要的是 — more importantly
- 况且 — besides / moreover
Contrast and concession (转折 / 让步):
- 尽管……但是…… — although... yet...
- 固然……但…… — granted that... but...
- 然而 — however (formal)
- 即便如此 — even so
Cause and effect (因果):
- 正因如此 — precisely because of this
- 由此可见 — from this we can see
- 以至于 — so much so that
- 为此 — for this reason
Hypothesis (假设):
- 倘若 — if / supposing that (formal)
- 一旦 — once / as soon as
- 否则 — otherwise
Conclusion (总结):
- 综上所述 — in summary
- 由此得出结论 — from this we conclude
- 总而言之 — all in all
Key insight: Many learners overuse 但是 and 所以. Replace them with the formal alternatives above in written Chinese.
표현
- 不仅如此，更重要的是……Not only that, but more importantly...
- 固然有其优点，但不可忽视其局限性Granted it has m
- 由此可见，问题的根源在于……From this we can see that the root of t
- 即便如此，我们也不能放弃努力Even so, we cannot give up trying
- 倘若忽视这一点，后果将难以预料If we ignore this point, the conse
- 综上所述，可以得出以下结论Summarizing all of the above, we
자주 하는 실수
他很努力，但是他失败了，所以他很难过。尽管他付出了很多努力，结果仍未能如愿，这令他深感失落。Overusing 但是 and 所以 creates a choppy, childlike style; use concessive and cause-effect structures with formal connectives
综上所述，这很重要。综上所述，这一议题对政策制定具有深远影响。综上所述 is a formal summary marker that requires a substantive conclusion, not a vague statement
倘若你努力，你会成功。倘若能坚持不懈，成功的可能性将大大提升。倘若 is formal and typically used in written Chinese with a more measured, impersonal tone
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