Social inequalities

शब्दावली

• 不平等inequality
• 由于due to / because of (formal)
• 因此therefore / as a result
• 从而thereby / thus
• 之所以the reason why
• 所+动词that which is (nominalization)
• 贫富差距wealth gap / gap between rich and poor
• 阶层social class / stratum
• 弱势群体vulnerable groups
• 保障guarantee / safeguard
• 歧视discrimination
• 机会均等equal opportunity
• 权利right / entitlement
• 收入差距income gap

वाक्यांश

• 由于…To introduce a formal cause or reason in writing
• 因此To introduce a formal consequence or conclusion
• 从而To connect a purposeful action to its result
• 之所以…是因为…To give a structured, formal explanation for something
• 所面临的挑战To refer formally to challenges faced
• 弱势群体To refer to vulnerable or marginalized groups
• 贫富差距To refer to the wealth gap in society
• 机会均等To argue for equal access and fair opportunity

आम गलतियाँ

• ✗因为历史原因，这个问题没解决。
  ✓由于历史原因，这个问题至今仍未解决。

  因为 is conversational. In formal/written contexts about social issues, 由于 is the appropriate connector.

• ✗这个问题之所以，是因为钱的问题。
  ✓这个问题之所以难以解决，是因为涉及资金问题。

  之所以 must be followed by an adjective or verb phrase explaining the state, before 是因为.

• ✗他所关注问题很重要。
  ✓他所关注的问题很重要。

  所+verb requires a 的 between the verb and the following noun to form the nominalized phrase.

• ✗从而，经济增长了。
  ✓政府加大投入，从而促进了经济增长。

  从而 cannot start a sentence alone. It connects two clauses, linking a cause to its purposeful result.

• ✗因此，但是情况改善了。
  ✓因此，情况有所改善。

  Do not combine 因此 and 但是 together. They have opposing logical functions — 因此 draws conclusions, 但是 introduces contrast.

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