The post-truth era
这一课还没有你的语言版本 — 先以英文显示。
词汇
- 世論操作manipulation of public opinion
- 偏向報道biased reporting
- 虚偽情報disinformation / false info
- 情報リテラシーinformation literacy
- 印象操作impression manipulation
- 忖度surmising/anticipating wishes
- 隠蔽concealment / cover-up
- 捏造fabrication / forgery
- 風説rumor / hearsay
- 疑惑suspicion / allegations
- 検証verification / fact-checking
- 透明性transparency
The Post-Truth Era in Japanese
Discussing media literacy and information integrity in Japanese requires specific vocabulary and rhetorical structures used in journalism and academic discourse.
Media and Information Vocabulary
Japanese media discourse uses distinct terminology:
- 偏向報道 — biased reporting, often used to criticize media outlets
- 印象操作 — impression manipulation, a key concept in Japanese political discourse
- 忖度 — a uniquely Japanese concept meaning to anticipate and act on someone's unspoken wishes, famously used in political scandals
Expressing Doubt and Uncertainty
At C2, you must master epistemic modality — expressing degrees of certainty:
- 〜と思われる — it appears that~ (objective distance)
- 〜とは言い切れない — one cannot definitively say that~
- 〜の可能性を否定できない — the possibility of~ cannot be denied
- 〜と断言するのは早計だ — it would be premature to declare~
Hedging in Japanese
Japanese inherently favors indirect expression, making it powerful for discussing ambiguous truths:
- 必ずしも〜とは限らない — it is not necessarily the case that~
- 一概には言えない — one cannot generalize
The ability to discuss truth, evidence, and belief with nuanced Japanese is the hallmark of C2 mastery — you can now engage in the most sophisticated debates.
表达
- 必ずしもそうとは限らないThat is not necessarily the case
- 一概には言えないOne cannot generalize about this
- 真偽のほどは定かでないThe truth of this is uncertain
- 情報の出所を確認すべきだOne should verify the information source
- 忖度が働いた可能性があるSontaku may have been at work
- 客観的な検証が求められるObjective verification is required
常见错误
そのニュースは嘘だそのニュースの信憑性に疑問がある嘘だ (it is a lie) is too blunt for academic or journalistic discourse. Use 信憑性に疑問がある (the credibility is questionable).
忖度は悪いことだ忖度は文脈によって評価が異なる忖度 is not inherently negative — it can be positive (considerate anticipation) or negative (political sycophancy) depending on context.
偏向報道をしている偏向報道の疑いがあるDirectly accusing a media outlet of bias (している) is a strong claim. Use 疑いがある (there are suspicions of) for measured discourse.
絶対に間違いないほぼ間違いないと考えられる絶対に (absolutely) leaves no room for doubt. Academic Japanese prefers ほぼ (almost) and 考えられる (it can be considered).
みんなそう思っている多くの人がそう考えているみんな (everyone) is an overgeneralization. 多くの人 (many people) with 考えている (think) is more precise and academic.
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「suspicion / allegations」用日语怎么说？
真正的日语导师在应用里
读只是开始 — Mio 是为练习而生的。应用里有网页做不到的一切：
- 对话
与 AI 导师真实的语音对话
- 听力
带理解题的短故事和对话
- 智能单词卡
在你快忘之前把单词推给你的间隔重复
- 你的教练 Mio
记录你的错误，围绕弱项排出每天的计划