正式与非正式语体
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词汇
- 书面语written/formal language
- 口语spoken/colloquial language
- 语域register (language level)
- 称谓form of address
- 敬辞honorific expression
- 谦辞humble/self-deprecating term
- 正式场合formal setting/occasion
- 非正式场合informal setting
Formal vs Informal Register in Chinese
Chinese has a clear divide between 书面语 (written/formal language) and 口语 (colloquial speech). At C1 level, mastering this divide is essential.
Key differences
Formal (书面语):
- Single-character verbs preferred: 使 (to make/cause), 予 (to give), 进行 (to carry out)
- Classical structures: 鉴于、据此、综上所述
- No filler words or particles like 吧/呢
Informal (口语):
- Multi-syllable equivalents: 让/叫, 给, 做/搞
- Particles like 嘛、呢、吧 are natural
- Shorter sentences, looser structure
💬 Formal: "鉴于上述情况，本部门决定暂缓该计划。"
→ "Given the above circumstances, this department has decided to postpone the plan."
💬 Informal: "就这个情况，我们先不搞那个计划了吧。"
→ "Given this situation, let's just put that plan on hold for now."
Address forms (称谓)
- Formal: 您好 (respectful you), 贵公司 (your esteemed company), 阁下 (Your Honour)
- Informal: 你好, 你们公司, 老板
Honorifics (敬辞) vs Humble forms (谦辞)
- 敬辞 (for others): 请、惠顾、赐教、垂询
- 谦辞 (for yourself): 拙作、鄙见、寒舍、敝人
表达
- 鉴于目前的情况Formal opening: given the current situation
- 综上所述，我们认为Formal conclusion: to sum up, we believe
- 恕我直言Polite preface before candid remark
- 贵公司提出的建议Formal: the proposal from your company
- 就此问题而言Formal: with regard to this issue
常见错误
我们公司很高兴地通知你们...（email formel）贵公司提出的建议已收悉，本司兹决定...In formal written Chinese, avoid 你们 — use 贵公司 for the other party
会议上他说了很多东西会议上，他就该议题阐述了多项观点书面语 requires precise verbs like 阐述 instead of vague 说了
这个问题很重要，大家都要注意此问题至关重要，请各方高度重视Replace informal 这个/大家 with formal 此/各方 in written contexts
小测验
第 1 题，共 5 题
「spoken/colloquial language」用中文怎么说？
真正的中文导师在应用里
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